Quantification of in Vivo Colonic Short Chain Fatty Acid Production from Inulin
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Analytical Procedures
2.3.1. Analysis of Breath Samples
2.3.2. Analysis of 13C Enrichment in Plasma Samples
2.3.3. Analysis of Butyrate Producing Capacity in Fecal Samples
Standard Curve | DNA Source | Oligonucleotide | Sequence (5′–3′) |
---|---|---|---|
Clostridium Cluster IV | Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum | Forward primer | AGTACGGCCGCAAGGTTGAAA |
Reverse primer | CTGCCATTGTAGTACGTGTG | ||
Clostridium Cluster XIV | Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum | Forward primer | TGACCGGCCACATTGGGACTG |
Reverse primer | TCATCCCCACCTTCCTCCAG | ||
Butyryl-CoA:acetate-CoA transferase | Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum | Forward primer | AATCCGGAGACTGGGTAGAT |
Reverse primer | GGACAGATAAGCTCCGAGC | ||
Butyrate kinase | Clostridium perfringens | Forward primer | TGGGGGAGGAAAGTTATATGGC |
Reverse primer | CTCCTACTGAAACTCCGCCC |
2.4. Calculations
2.5. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Study Population
Men | Women | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
N | 5 | 7 | |
Age (year) | 27 ± 8 | 24 ± 4 | 0.530 |
Length (m) | 1.82 ± 0.09 | 1.65 ± 0.06 | 0.003 |
Weight (kg) | 78 ± 8 | 57 ± 4 | 0.005 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24 ± 4 | 21 ± 2 | 0.149 |
log butyrate kinase (copies/g feces) | 3.83 ± 0.79 | 3.97 ± 0.80 * | 0.792 |
log butyryl-CoA:acetate-CoA transferase (copies/g feces) | 8.14 ± 0.49 | 7.85 ± 0.66 * | 0.429 |
log Clostridium cluster IV (copies/g feces) | 8.80 ± 0.58 | 8.67 ± 0.60 * | 0.662 |
log Clostridium cluster XIV (copies/g feces) | 9.72 ± 0.31 | 9.52 ± 0.47 * | 0.537 |
3.2. Steady-State Characteristics
Acetate | Propionate | Butyrate | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isotopic enrichment (APE) | Before inulin fermentation | 0.86 ± 0.36 a | 2.53 ± 0.74 b | 1.03 ± 0.47 a | < 0.001 |
Minimum during fermentation | 0.48 ± 0.20 c | 1.60 ± 0.59 d | 0.61 ± 0.27 c | < 0.001 | |
Ra (μmol·kg−1·min−1) | Before inulin fermentation | 13.26 ± 4.82 e | 0.27 ± 0.09 f | 0.28 ± 0.12 f | < 0.001 |
Maximum during fermentation | 24.98 ± 10.70 g | 0.47 ± 0.23 h | 0.50 ± 0.29 h | < 0.001 |
3.3. Impact of Inulin on Rate of Appearance of SCFA
3.3.1. Start of Fermentation
3.3.2. SCFA Enrichment in Plasma and Rate of SCFA Appearance
3.3.3. Quantification of SCFA Production from Inulin
Acetate | Propionate | Butyrate | |
---|---|---|---|
Cumulative amount SCFA in plasma (μmol/kg) | 860 ± 497 | 17 ± 13 | 16 ± 15 |
Peripheral SCFA (mmol) | 55 ± 30 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | 1.0 ± 0.9 |
Colonic SCFA (mmol) * | 137 ± 75 | 11 ± 9 | 20 ± 17 |
Ratio (%) ** | 82 | 6 | 12 |
3.3.4. Butyrate-Producing Capacity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Boets, E.; Deroover, L.; Houben, E.; Vermeulen, K.; Gomand, S.V.; Delcour, J.A.; Verbeke, K. Quantification of in Vivo Colonic Short Chain Fatty Acid Production from Inulin. Nutrients 2015, 7, 8916-8929. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7115440
Boets E, Deroover L, Houben E, Vermeulen K, Gomand SV, Delcour JA, Verbeke K. Quantification of in Vivo Colonic Short Chain Fatty Acid Production from Inulin. Nutrients. 2015; 7(11):8916-8929. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7115440
Chicago/Turabian StyleBoets, Eef, Lise Deroover, Els Houben, Karen Vermeulen, Sara V. Gomand, Jan A. Delcour, and Kristin Verbeke. 2015. "Quantification of in Vivo Colonic Short Chain Fatty Acid Production from Inulin" Nutrients 7, no. 11: 8916-8929. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7115440