The Relationship between Lutein and Zeaxanthin Status and Body Fat
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Assessment of LZ Status: Macular Pigment Optical Density & Serum LZ
2.3. Assessment of Body Composition
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
Entire Sample (N = 100) | Males (N = 39) | Females (N = 61) | |
---|---|---|---|
Body Fat Percentage | |||
Total Body | 25.79 ± 7.60 | 18.90 ± 4.89 | 30.19 ± 5.45 |
Leg | 30.05 ± 8.98 | 20.72 ± 4.86 | 36.01 ± 5.03 |
Trunk | 23.12 ± 7.95 | 17.81 ± 6.15 | 26.51 ± 7.09 |
Arm | 26.15 ± 9.80 | 16.44 ± 4.47 | 32.35 ± 6.75 |
Trunk Fat (Relative) a | 44.86 ± 6.35 | 47.52 ± 6.41 | 43.17 ± 5.76 |
Body Mass (g) | |||
Total Body | 65,346 ± 13,345 | 72,423 ± 12,516 | 60,790 ± 11,853 |
Fat-Free Soft Tissue | 48,796 ± 10,413 | 58,980 ± 7291 | 42,284 ± 5891 |
Total Body Fat | 17,062 ± 7090 | 13,847 ± 6062 | 19,132 ± 6972 |
LZ Status | |||
MPOD 15′ | 0.53 ± 0.21 | 0.55 ± 0.20 | 0.52 ± 0.22 |
MPOD 30′ | 0.43 ± 0.18 | 0.45 ± 0.17 | 0.42 ± 0.19 |
MPOD 60′ | 0.29 ± 0.14 | 0.29 ± 0.13 | 0.29 ± 0.14 |
MPOD 105′ | 0.13 ± 0.09 | 0.14 ± 0.09 | 0.12 ± 0.09 |
Serum LZ b | 0.26 ± 0.12 | 0.21 ± 0.07 | 0.28 ± 0.14 |
Body Fat Percentage | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Leg | Trunk | Arm | Trunk (Relative) a | |
MPOD 15′ | −0.26 * | −0.18 | −0.28 ** | −0.25 * | −0.10 |
MPOD 30′ | −0.32 ** | −0.22 * | −0.37 ** | −0.30 ** | −0.20 * |
MPOD 60′ | −0.24 * | −0.14 | −0.31 ** | −0.21 * | −0.23 * |
MPOD 105′ | −0.29 ** | −0.20 * | −0.32 ** | −0.28 ** | −0.16 |
Serum LZ | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.11 | −0.02 |
4. Discussion
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
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Bovier, E.R.; Lewis, R.D.; Hammond, B.R., Jr. The Relationship between Lutein and Zeaxanthin Status and Body Fat. Nutrients 2013, 5, 750-757. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5030750
Bovier ER, Lewis RD, Hammond BR Jr. The Relationship between Lutein and Zeaxanthin Status and Body Fat. Nutrients. 2013; 5(3):750-757. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5030750
Chicago/Turabian StyleBovier, Emily R., Richard D. Lewis, and Billy R. Hammond, Jr. 2013. "The Relationship between Lutein and Zeaxanthin Status and Body Fat" Nutrients 5, no. 3: 750-757. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5030750
APA StyleBovier, E. R., Lewis, R. D., & Hammond, B. R., Jr. (2013). The Relationship between Lutein and Zeaxanthin Status and Body Fat. Nutrients, 5(3), 750-757. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5030750