Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: The New Frontier of Gluten Related Disorders

Catassi, Carlo; Bai, Julio C.; Bonaz, Bruno; Bouma, Gerd; Calabrò, Antonio; Carroccio, Antonio; Castillejo, Gemma; Ciacci, Carolina; Cristofori, Fernanda; Dolinsek, Jernej; Francavilla, Ruggiero; Elli, Luca; Green, Peter; Holtmeier, Wolfgang; Koehler, Peter; Koletzko, Sibylle; Meinhold, Christof; Sanders, David; Schumann, Michael; Schuppan, Detlef; Ullrich, Reiner; Vécsei, Andreas; Volta, Umberto; Zevallos, Victor; Sapone, Anna; Fasano, Alessio

doi:10.3390/nu5103839

Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Edit a Special Issue

Article Menu

...

Open AccessReview

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: The New Frontier of Gluten Related Disorders

¹,

²,

³,

⁴,

⁵,

⁶,

⁷,

⁸

⁹,

¹⁰,

⁹,

¹¹,

¹²,

¹³,

¹⁴,

¹⁵,

¹⁶,

¹⁷,

¹⁸,

^19,20,

¹⁸,

²¹,

²²,

¹⁹,

²³ and

^24,* Show full author list Hide full author list

Department of Pediatrics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona 60121, Italy

Departamento de Medicina, Hospital de Gastroenterología "Dr. Carlos Bonorino Udaondo", Buenos Aires 1264, Argentina

Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, CHU Grenoble 38043, France

⁴

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands

⁵

Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy

⁶

Department of Internal Medicine, "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital, Sciacca (AG) and University of Palermo, Sciacca 92019, Italy

⁷

Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43204, Spain

⁸

Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi Campus, Salerno 84081, Italy

⁹

Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy

¹⁰

Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor 2000, Slovenia

¹¹

Centro Prevenzione e Diagnosi Malattia Celiaca Fondazione IRCCS Ca Granda, Milan 20122, Italy

¹²

Department of Medicine, Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA

¹³

Division of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Hospital Porz am Rhein, Köln 51149, Germany

¹⁴

German Research Center for Food Chemistry, Leibniz Institute, Freising 85354, Germany

¹⁵

Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich 80337, Germany

¹⁶

Practice of Nutrition Therapy Meinhold & Team, Köln 50674, Germany

¹⁷

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital and University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK

¹⁸

Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Infectiology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin 10203, Germany

¹⁹

Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany

²⁰

Division of Gastroenterology and Celiac Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA

²¹

St. Anna Children's Hospital, Vienna 1090, Austria

²²

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy

²³

Department of Gastroenterology, Second University of Naples, Naples 80136, Italy

²⁴

Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02129, USA

Show full affiliation list

Hide full affiliation list

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Nutrients 2013, 5(10), 3839-3853; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5103839

Received: 20 August 2013 / Revised: 17 September 2013 / Accepted: 18 September 2013 / Published: 26 September 2013

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition and Celiac Disease)

View Full-Text Download PDF Citation Export

Abstract

Non Celiac Gluten sensitivity (NCGS) was originally described in the 1980s and recently a “re-discovered” disorder characterized by intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing food, in subjects that are not affected with either celiac disease (CD) or wheat allergy (WA). Although NCGS frequency is still unclear, epidemiological data have been generated that can help establishing the magnitude of the problem. Clinical studies further defined the identity of NCGS and its implications in human disease. An overlap between the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and NCGS has been detected, requiring even more stringent diagnostic criteria. Several studies suggested a relationship between NCGS and neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly autism and schizophrenia. The first case reports of NCGS in children have been described. Lack of biomarkers is still a major limitation of clinical studies, making it difficult to differentiate NCGS from other gluten related disorders. Recent studies raised the possibility that, beside gluten, wheat amylase-trypsin inhibitors and low-fermentable, poorly-absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates can contribute to symptoms (at least those related to IBS) experienced by NCGS patients. In this paper we report the major advances and current trends on NCGS. View Full-Text

Keywords: gluten sensitivity; celiac disease; wheat allergy; gluten-related disorders; gluten-free diet

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Catassi, C.; Bai, J.C.; Bonaz, B.; Bouma, G.; Calabrò, A.; Carroccio, A.; Castillejo, G.; Ciacci, C.; Cristofori, F.; Dolinsek, J.; Francavilla, R.; Elli, L.; Green, P.; Holtmeier, W.; Koehler, P.; Koletzko, S.; Meinhold, C.; Sanders, D.; Schumann, M.; Schuppan, D.; Ullrich, R.; Vécsei, A.; Volta, U.; Zevallos, V.; Sapone, A.; Fasano, A. Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: The New Frontier of Gluten Related Disorders. Nutrients 2013, 5, 3839-3853. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5103839

AMA Style

Catassi C, Bai JC, Bonaz B, Bouma G, Calabrò A, Carroccio A, Castillejo G, Ciacci C, Cristofori F, Dolinsek J, Francavilla R, Elli L, Green P, Holtmeier W, Koehler P, Koletzko S, Meinhold C, Sanders D, Schumann M, Schuppan D, Ullrich R, Vécsei A, Volta U, Zevallos V, Sapone A, Fasano A. Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: The New Frontier of Gluten Related Disorders. Nutrients. 2013; 5(10):3839-3853. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5103839

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catassi, Carlo, Julio C. Bai, Bruno Bonaz, Gerd Bouma, Antonio Calabrò, Antonio Carroccio, Gemma Castillejo, Carolina Ciacci, Fernanda Cristofori, Jernej Dolinsek, Ruggiero Francavilla, Luca Elli, Peter Green, Wolfgang Holtmeier, Peter Koehler, Sibylle Koletzko, Christof Meinhold, David Sanders, Michael Schumann, Detlef Schuppan, Reiner Ullrich, Andreas Vécsei, Umberto Volta, Victor Zevallos, Anna Sapone, and Alessio Fasano. 2013. "Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: The New Frontier of Gluten Related Disorders" Nutrients 5, no. 10: 3839-3853. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu5103839

Find Other Styles

Article Metrics

Abstract views Pdf views Html views

Article Access Map by Country/Region

Only visits after 24 November 2015 are recorded.

Article Menu

Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: The New Frontier of Gluten Related Disorders

Abstract

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Article Access Map by Country/Region

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI