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Nutrients
Volume 18
Issue 2
10.3390/nu18020311
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Article

Combined Effects of Gallic Acid Supplementation and Physical Training on Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

by
Bruna Kaicy Barbosa
1,
Daniel Vinicius Alves Silva
1,
Gislaine Candida Batista-Jorge
1,
Berenilde Valéria de Oliveira Souza
1,
Antônio Sérgio Barcala-Jorge
1,
André Luiz Sena Guimarães
1,
Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
1,
João Marcus Oliveira Andrade
1 and
Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
1,2,*
1
Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Unimontes), Montes Claros 39401-089, MG, Brazil
2
Postgraduate Program in Food and Health, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros 39404-547, MG, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2026, 18(2), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18020311
Submission received: 8 December 2025 / Revised: 12 January 2026 / Accepted: 15 January 2026 / Published: 19 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation in Aging and Metabolic Syndrome: Combating Obesity, Vascular Disease and Frailty)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Obesity has been linked to cardiometabolic alterations and deteriorated body composition. Gallic acid, a polyphenol with antioxidant properties, may influence these parameters; however, there is limited clinical data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of gallic acid supplementation combined with physical exercise in obese individuals. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 150 participants recruited and divided into eight groups according to nutritional status (eutrophic or obese), supplementation (gallic acid 200 mg/day vs. placebo), and physical exercise (trained vs. untrained) for 12 weeks. Body composition, anthropometry, and serum biomarkers were assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: A total of 107 participants completed the final assessment. A reduction in waist-to-hip ratio was observed in the obese group trained and supplemented with gallic acid (supplement × time interaction: p = 0.031). There was a reduction in waist circumference (supplement × physical exercise × time interaction: p = 0.041) and a reduction in skinfold thickness at the pectoral (p = 0.044) and abdominal (p = 0.036) sites. Fat-free mass showed a tendency to increase in the supplemented trained obese group (p = 0.054). In biochemical markers, an increase in albumin was identified in the supplement × time interaction (p = 0.043), especially in the trained obese group. Conclusions: The combination of gallic acid and physical exercise promoted improvements in abdominal adiposity and body composition markers, with favorable biochemical effects.
Keywords: obesity; gallic acid; dietary supplements; antioxidants; polyphenols obesity; gallic acid; dietary supplements; antioxidants; polyphenols

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Barbosa, B.K.; Silva, D.V.A.; Batista-Jorge, G.C.; Souza, B.V.d.O.; Barcala-Jorge, A.S.; Guimarães, A.L.S.; de Paula, A.M.B.; Andrade, J.M.O.; Santos, S.H.S. Combined Effects of Gallic Acid Supplementation and Physical Training on Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2026, 18, 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18020311

AMA Style

Barbosa BK, Silva DVA, Batista-Jorge GC, Souza BVdO, Barcala-Jorge AS, Guimarães ALS, de Paula AMB, Andrade JMO, Santos SHS. Combined Effects of Gallic Acid Supplementation and Physical Training on Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2026; 18(2):311. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18020311

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barbosa, Bruna Kaicy, Daniel Vinicius Alves Silva, Gislaine Candida Batista-Jorge, Berenilde Valéria de Oliveira Souza, Antônio Sérgio Barcala-Jorge, André Luiz Sena Guimarães, Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula, João Marcus Oliveira Andrade, and Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos. 2026. "Combined Effects of Gallic Acid Supplementation and Physical Training on Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial" Nutrients 18, no. 2: 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18020311

APA Style

Barbosa, B. K., Silva, D. V. A., Batista-Jorge, G. C., Souza, B. V. d. O., Barcala-Jorge, A. S., Guimarães, A. L. S., de Paula, A. M. B., Andrade, J. M. O., & Santos, S. H. S. (2026). Combined Effects of Gallic Acid Supplementation and Physical Training on Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients, 18(2), 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18020311

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