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Nutrients
Volume 17
Issue 24
10.3390/nu17243950
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Article

Associations Between the Food Environment and Food Insecurity on Fruit, Vegetable, and Nutrient Intake, and Body Mass Index, Among Urban-Dwelling Latina Breast Cancer Survivors Participating in the ¡Mi Vida Saludable! Trial

by
Zachary O. Kadro
1,2,3,4,5,*,
Eileen Rillamas-Sun
4,
Blake O. Langley
4,
Allison Meisner
4,
Isobel Contento
6,
Pamela A. Koch
6,
Ann Ogden Gaffney
7,
Dawn L. Hershman
8,9 and
Heather Greenlee
3,4,5
1
Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
2
Integrative Medicine, Corewell Health, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA
3
Integrative Medicine Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
4
Cancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
5
Department of Hematology Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
6
Program in Nutrition, Department of Health Studies and Applied Educational Psychology, Teachers College Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
7
Cook for Your Life, New York, NY 10024, USA
8
Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
9
Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2025, 17(24), 3950; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243950 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 24 November 2025 / Revised: 12 December 2025 / Accepted: 15 December 2025 / Published: 17 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Security, Food Insecurity, and Nutritional Health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background: Socioeconomic disparities may drive cancer inequities in Hispanic/Latino populations. We examined associations of perceived access to healthy foods (AHF) and food insecurity (FI) with diet and body mass index (BMI) changes in Latina breast cancer (BC) survivors. Methods: Latina BC survivors in a 12-month intervention trial aiming to increase fruit/vegetable intake and physical activity were analyzed. AHF was from a modified, validated neighborhood environment scale and dichotomized (low–medium vs. high). FI was defined as eating less and/or going hungry due to a lack of money. AHF and FI surveys were self-reported. Outcomes included dietary intake, diet quality, and BMI. Fruit/vegetable intake was log-transformed. Relationships between AHF and FI and changes in diet and BMI were evaluated using generalized estimating equations. Results: Of women with AHF data (n = 86), 58% reported low–medium access and 42% reported high access. Fruit/vegetable (FV) intake declined overall from baseline to 12 months, with greater reductions among low–medium AHF women (−32%, 95% CI: −51%, −7%) compared with high AHF women (−17%, CI: −40%, +13%). Statistically significant 12-month decreases in total calories, carbohydrates, sugars, and fat occurred in low–medium AHF women but not high AHF women, and changes in total energy density, carbohydrates, sugars, and BMI at 12 months were statistically significantly different between women with low–medium AHF and women with high AHF, p ≤ 0.05. Among 157 women, 23% reported FI. Reductions in fruit/vegetable intake were larger in women with FI (−39%, CI: −57%, −14%) than in women without FI (−10% reductions, CI: −25%, +8%) and between-group differences were significant at both 6 and 12 months, p ≤ 0.05. Most diet measures decreased for both FI and non-FI women, with greater decreases among those with FI. Conclusions: Latina BC survivors with FI or perceived limited AHF experienced greater declines in indicators of healthy diets including FV intake. Future interventions should integrate strategies to measure AHF and FI to address disparate access to healthy food options.
Keywords: food insecurity; food environment; fruit and vegetable intake; Latina; breast cancer survivors food insecurity; food environment; fruit and vegetable intake; Latina; breast cancer survivors

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kadro, Z.O.; Rillamas-Sun, E.; Langley, B.O.; Meisner, A.; Contento, I.; Koch, P.A.; Ogden Gaffney, A.; Hershman, D.L.; Greenlee, H. Associations Between the Food Environment and Food Insecurity on Fruit, Vegetable, and Nutrient Intake, and Body Mass Index, Among Urban-Dwelling Latina Breast Cancer Survivors Participating in the ¡Mi Vida Saludable! Trial. Nutrients 2025, 17, 3950. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243950

AMA Style

Kadro ZO, Rillamas-Sun E, Langley BO, Meisner A, Contento I, Koch PA, Ogden Gaffney A, Hershman DL, Greenlee H. Associations Between the Food Environment and Food Insecurity on Fruit, Vegetable, and Nutrient Intake, and Body Mass Index, Among Urban-Dwelling Latina Breast Cancer Survivors Participating in the ¡Mi Vida Saludable! Trial. Nutrients. 2025; 17(24):3950. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243950

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kadro, Zachary O., Eileen Rillamas-Sun, Blake O. Langley, Allison Meisner, Isobel Contento, Pamela A. Koch, Ann Ogden Gaffney, Dawn L. Hershman, and Heather Greenlee. 2025. "Associations Between the Food Environment and Food Insecurity on Fruit, Vegetable, and Nutrient Intake, and Body Mass Index, Among Urban-Dwelling Latina Breast Cancer Survivors Participating in the ¡Mi Vida Saludable! Trial" Nutrients 17, no. 24: 3950. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243950

APA Style

Kadro, Z. O., Rillamas-Sun, E., Langley, B. O., Meisner, A., Contento, I., Koch, P. A., Ogden Gaffney, A., Hershman, D. L., & Greenlee, H. (2025). Associations Between the Food Environment and Food Insecurity on Fruit, Vegetable, and Nutrient Intake, and Body Mass Index, Among Urban-Dwelling Latina Breast Cancer Survivors Participating in the ¡Mi Vida Saludable! Trial. Nutrients, 17(24), 3950. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17243950

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