The Gastroprotective Effect of Walnut Peptides: Mechanisms and Impact on Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Reagents
2.2. Animals and Groups
2.3. Peptide Components Analysis of Walnut Peptides Based on LC-MS/MS
2.4. Organ Index Calculation
2.5. Evaluation of Gastric Mucosal Injury
2.6. Determination of AST and ALT Levels in Serum
2.7. Measurement of Gastric Tissue Antioxidant Capacity
2.8. Measurement of Gastric Tissue Regulatory Mediator Levels
2.9. Western Blot Assay
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Analysis of Walnut Peptide Amino Acid Sequences
3.2. The Effects of WP on Mouse Body Weight and Organ Indices
3.3. The Effects of WP on Serum ALT and AST Levels
3.4. The Impact of WP on Gastric Mucosal Tissue Pathological Changes
3.5. The Effects of WP on Gastric Tissue Oxidative Stress
3.6. The Effects of WP on Gastric Tissue Inflammation
3.7. The Effects of WP on the Protein Expression of Inflammatory Factors in Gastric Tissue
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Peptide Sequence | Observed m/z | Score | Scan Time | Protein Name | Intensity |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EIDIGVPDEVGRL | 706.372 | 490.0 | 48.0578 | A0A2I4EK72 | 60,222,000 |
DLAPTHPIRL | 566.827 | 474.2 | 29.0392 | A0A2I4EB92 | 22,166,000 |
LDRLIPVLE | 534.326 | 466.0 | 45.2099 | A0A2I4EGJ3 | 45,179,000 |
SVIQH | 625.331 | 431.2 | 7.1603 | A0A2I4FTY2 | 40,419,000 |
NTGSPITVPVGR | 599.334 | 428.9 | 25.3499 | A0A2I4GH77 | 25,614,000 |
SKRPTF | 368.211 | 428.9 | 8.6987 | A0A2I4EFN4 | 81,398,000 |
DREIDIGVPDEVGRL | 841.940 | 422.2 | 43.2557 | A0A2I4EK72 | 13,398,000 |
RDENEKL | 452.230 | 420.2 | 7.1808 | A0A2I4E5L6 | 71,960,000 |
Group | Liver Index (mg/g) | Kidney Index (mg/g) | Spleen Index (mg/g) | Gastric Index (mg/g) | Starting Weight (g) | Final Weight (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 39.43 ± 2.32 b | 12.17 ± 1.41 ab | 29.29 ± 1.50 a | 7.85 ± 1.82 a | 39.05 ± 0.86 a | 43.80 ± 2.04 a |
MG | 42.81 ± 1.96 a | 11.95 ± 1.19 ab | 35.28 ± 2.16 a | 9.36 ± 1.73 a | 38.32 ± 1.15 a | 42.25 ± 1.97 a |
PG | 43.48 ± 3.65 a | 13.41 ± 2.97 a | 28.25 ± 2.26 a | 8.67 ± 2.43 a | 40.07 ± 1.61 a | 44.43 ± 2.22 a |
LWG | 42.15 ± 3.10 a | 11.61 ± 1.31 b | 25.38 ± 0.79 a | 8.92 ± 1.24 a | 38.93 ± 2.41 a | 43.97 ± 2.51 a |
HWG | 42.08 ± 2.95 a | 11.87 ± 1.10 ab | 24.40 ± 0.62 a | 8.99 ± 1.91 a | 39.47 ± 1.69 a | 44.53 ± 1.11 a |
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Yuan, Y.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Liu, Y.; Zhao, L.; Zhao, L.; Cai, S. The Gastroprotective Effect of Walnut Peptides: Mechanisms and Impact on Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234866
Yuan Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhao L, Zhao L, Cai S. The Gastroprotective Effect of Walnut Peptides: Mechanisms and Impact on Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury in Mice. Nutrients. 2023; 15(23):4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234866
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuan, Yutong, Xinyi Wang, Yumeng Wang, Yaqi Liu, Liang Zhao, Lei Zhao, and Shengbao Cai. 2023. "The Gastroprotective Effect of Walnut Peptides: Mechanisms and Impact on Ethanol-Induced Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury in Mice" Nutrients 15, no. 23: 4866. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234866