Uncovering the Gut–Liver Axis Biomarkers for Predicting Metabolic Burden in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Mouse Models and Data Collection
2.2. Analysis of Liver, Serum, and Urine Metabolites
2.3. RNA Sequencing and Data Processing
2.4. Microbiota Data Analysis
2.5. Bile Acid Quantification
2.6. Human Datasets
2.7. Transcriptomic Feature Selection
2.8. Machine Learning Models
2.9. Pathway and Network Analysis
2.10. Association Analysis
2.11. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Predictors of Differential Diet Intakes
3.2. Age Classification
3.3. Predictors for FXR Inactivation
4. Discussion
4.1. Diet Predictors Relate to Metabolic Liver Disease Development
4.2. Features That Classify Ages and Metabolic Liver Diseases
4.3. FXR Inactivation Predictors and Metabolic Liver Diseases
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Risk Prediction | Western Diet Intake | Aging | Bile Acid Receptor Inactivation | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Features | Accuracy | Features | Accuracy | Features | Accuracy | |
Hepatic Transcripts | 9 (4) | 100% (96.9%) | 14 (2) | 100% (90.6%) | 2 | 100% |
Metabolites | ||||||
Bile acids (liver) | 2 | 66.6% | 1 | 100% | 10 | 71.3% |
Liver | 5 (2) | 100% (93.8%) | 20 (12) | 100% (91.7%) | 10 (1) | 100% (95.8%) |
Serum | 10 | 91.9% | 3 (1) | 100% (95.0%) | 15 (12) | 94.5% (91.3%) |
Urine | 5 (1) | 100% (91.0%) | 7 (3) | 100% (90.0%) | 9 (3) | 100% (95.4%) |
Microbiota | ||||||
Phylum level | 8 | 61.9% | 4 | 70.0% | 6 | 90.2% |
Class level | 9 | 62.6% | 9 | 82.8% | 3 | 96.9% |
Order level | 26 | 62.5% | 13 | 82.8% | 3 | 96.9% |
Family level | 10 | 76.8% | 7 | 80.4% | 8 (3) | 98.8% (91.2%) |
Genus level | 6 | 68.8% | 7 | 82.0% | 7 (3) | 96.2% (92.7%) |
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Yang, G.; Liu, R.; Rezaei, S.; Liu, X.; Wan, Y.-J.Y. Uncovering the Gut–Liver Axis Biomarkers for Predicting Metabolic Burden in Mice. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3406. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153406
Yang G, Liu R, Rezaei S, Liu X, Wan Y-JY. Uncovering the Gut–Liver Axis Biomarkers for Predicting Metabolic Burden in Mice. Nutrients. 2023; 15(15):3406. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153406
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Guiyan, Rex Liu, Shahbaz Rezaei, Xin Liu, and Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan. 2023. "Uncovering the Gut–Liver Axis Biomarkers for Predicting Metabolic Burden in Mice" Nutrients 15, no. 15: 3406. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153406