The Relationship between Knowledge, Dietary Supplementation, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults after the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Procedure
2.3. Measures
2.4. Data Analysis Strategy
3. Results
3.1. General Characteristics of the Study Population
3.2. Descriptive Statistics
3.3. Relationship between Knowledge and Use of Supplements and Sleep Quality
3.4. Predictors of Overall and Individual Sleep Quality
3.5. Analysis by Educational Level and Place of Residence
4. Discussion
Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | M | SD | S | K | Xmin | Xmax | K-S * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General sleep quality | 6.03 | 2.45 | 0.49 | 0.18 | 0 | 14 | 0.001 |
Hygiene knowledge | 5.32 | 1.65 | −0.17 | −0.36 | 1 | 9 | 0.001 |
Diet knowledge | 2.90 | 1.46 | 0.34 | −0.14 | 0 | 8 | 0.001 |
Subjective sleep quality | 1.16 | 0.59 | 0.27 | 0.45 | 0 | 3 | 0.001 |
Sleep latency | 1.27 | 0.86 | 0.36 | −0.44 | 0 | 3 | 0.001 |
Sleep duration | 1.02 | 0.85 | 0.31 | −0.82 | 0 | 3 | 0.001 |
Sleep disturbance | 1.03 | 0.40 | 0.25 | 3.24 | 0 | 3 | 0.001 |
Sleep medication use | 0.26 | 0.68 | 2.89 | 7.83 | 0 | 3 | 0.001 |
Daytime sleepiness | 1.34 | 0.83 | 0.19 | −0.48 | 0 | 3 | 0.001 |
Subjective Sleep Quality | Sleep Latency | Sleep Duration | Sleep Disturbance | Sleep Medication Use | Daytime Sleepiness | General Sleep Quality | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hygiene knowledge | −0.09 | −0.10 | −0.17 ** | −0.11 | 0.05 | −0.11 | −0.17 ** |
Diet knowledge | −0.03 | −0.12 * | −0.10 | −0.02 | −0.03 | −0.07 | −0.10 |
Predictor | Model Fit | Regression Coefficients | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | F | p | R2 | β | t | p | |
General sleep quality (PSQI) | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4270 | 15.72 | 0.001 | 0.18 | −0.13 | −2.21 | 0.028 |
Diet knowledge | −0.06 | −0.92 | 0.357 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.20 | −3.47 | 0.001 | ||||
Medications use | −0.32 | −5.76 | 0.001 | ||||
Subjective sleep quality | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4296 | 4.43 | 0.002 | 0.04 | −0.09 | −1.39 | 0.167 |
Diet knowledge | −0.01 | −0.17 | 0.868 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.13 | −2.27 | 0.024 | ||||
Medications use | −0.16 | −2.77 | 0.006 | ||||
Sleep latency | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4296 | 7.32 | 0.001 | 0.08 | −0.04 | −0.67 | 0.505 |
Diet knowledge | −0.14 | −2.23 | 0.026 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.13 | −2.20 | 0.029 | ||||
Medications use | −0.21 | −3.68 | 0.001 | ||||
Sleep duration | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4296 | 2.71 | 0.030 | 0.02 | −0.17 | −2.70 | 0.007 |
Diet knowledge | −0.01 | −0.11 | 0.912 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.05 | −0.92 | 0.356 | ||||
Medications use | −0.05 | −0.90 | 0.367 | ||||
Sleep disturbance | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4270 | 4.21 | 0.003 | 0.05 | −0.11 | −1.72 | 0.087 |
Diet knowledge | 0.04 | 0.65 | 0.517 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.01 | −0.14 | 0.892 | ||||
Medications use | −0.21 | −3.52 | 0.001 | ||||
Sleep medication use * | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 3296 | 11.89 | 0.001 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.96 | 0.338 |
Diet knowledge | −0.07 | −1.18 | 0.238 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.33 | −5.90 | 0.001 | ||||
Daytime sleepiness | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4296 | 2.53 | 0.041 | 0.02 | −0.09 | −1.39 | 0.165 |
Diet knowledge | −0.05 | −0.78 | 0.436 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.06 | −0.99 | 0.323 | ||||
Medications use | −0.12 | −2.03 | 0.044 |
Predictors | Model Fit | Regression Coefficients | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | F | p | R2 | β | t | p | |
High school education (n = 90) | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4.68 | 4.72 | 0.002 | 0.18 | −0.03 | −0.26 | 0.793 |
Diet knowledge | 0.09 | 0.66 | 0.510 | ||||
Supplementation use | 0.01 | 0.08 | 0.933 | ||||
Medications use | −0.49 | −4.24 | 0.001 | ||||
Bachelor’s degree (n = 116) | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4.87 | 4.27 | 0.003 | 0.13 | −0.27 | −2.46 | 0.016 |
Diet knowledge | −0.02 | −0.15 | 0.881 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.20 | −1.98 | 0.051 | ||||
Medications use | −0.24 | −2.33 | 0.022 | ||||
Master’s degree (n = 147) | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4.11 | 8.52 | 0.001 | 0.21 | −0.11 | −1.23 | 0.222 |
Diet knowledge | −0.14 | −1.54 | 0.127 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.32 | −3.65 | 0.001 | ||||
Medications use | −0.28 | −3.24 | 0.002 |
Predictors | Model Fit | Regression Coefficients | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | F | p | R2 | β | t | p | |
Rural area (n = 80) | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4.58 | 6.85 | 0.001 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.873 |
Diet knowledge | −0.16 | −1.24 | 0.219 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.02 | −0.15 | 0.878 | ||||
Medications use | −0.57 | −4.93 | 0.001 | ||||
City with up to 500,000 residents (n = 146) | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4.12 | 6.49 | 0.001 | 0.16 | −0.12 | −1.26 | 0.211 |
Diet knowledge | −0.03 | −0.27 | 0.789 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.15 | −1.73 | 0.087 | ||||
Medications use | −0.36 | −4.12 | 0.001 | ||||
City with over 500,000 residents (n = 127) | |||||||
Hygiene knowledge | 4.90 | 5.86 | 0.001 | 0.18 | −0.13 | −1.31 | 0.192 |
Diet knowledge | −0.08 | −0.80 | 0.425 | ||||
Supplementation use | −0.38 | −3.82 | 0.001 | ||||
Medications use | −0.16 | −1.66 | 0.101 |
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Pokarowski, M.; Kedra, M.; Piwinska, J.; Kurek, K.; Szczygiel, K.; Denysiuk, P.; Popiolek-Kalisz, J. The Relationship between Knowledge, Dietary Supplementation, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2023, 15, 3354. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153354
Pokarowski M, Kedra M, Piwinska J, Kurek K, Szczygiel K, Denysiuk P, Popiolek-Kalisz J. The Relationship between Knowledge, Dietary Supplementation, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2023; 15(15):3354. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153354
Chicago/Turabian StylePokarowski, Maciej, Michal Kedra, Justyna Piwinska, Katarzyna Kurek, Karolina Szczygiel, Piotr Denysiuk, and Joanna Popiolek-Kalisz. 2023. "The Relationship between Knowledge, Dietary Supplementation, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults after the COVID-19 Pandemic" Nutrients 15, no. 15: 3354. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153354
APA StylePokarowski, M., Kedra, M., Piwinska, J., Kurek, K., Szczygiel, K., Denysiuk, P., & Popiolek-Kalisz, J. (2023). The Relationship between Knowledge, Dietary Supplementation, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients, 15(15), 3354. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15153354