Does Abdominal Obesity Increase All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality Risks in Older Adults? A 10-Year Follow-Up Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material & Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Study Variables
2.3. Abdominal Obesity (AO)
2.4. Mortality Ascertainment
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethical Aspects
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. All-Cause Mortality
3.3. CVD Mortality
3.4. Cancer Mortality
3.5. Survival Curves
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | “n” (%)/Mean ± SD |
---|---|
Gender | |
Men | 142 (34.0) |
Woman | 276 (66.0) |
Age group (years) | |
60–69 | 203 (48.6) |
70–79 | 168 (40.2) |
80+ | 47 (11.2) |
Waist circumference (WC) | 93.49 ± 12.86 |
Increased WC (WHO, 1995) [38] | |
No | 104 (25.0) |
Yes | 312 (75.0) |
Increased WC (Silveira et al., 2020) [28] | |
No | 190 (45.5) |
Yes | 228 (54.5) |
Hip circumference | 99.59 ± 10.30 |
Waist hip ratio (WHR) | 0.94 ± 0.09 |
WHR | |
1st and 2nd tertiles | 278 (66.8) |
3rd tertile | 138 (33.2) |
Mortality-all-cause | 147 (35.2) |
Mortality-CVD | 49 (11.2) |
Mortality-cancer | 22 (5.3) |
Abdominal Obesity Indicators | Causes of Mortality | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All-Cause | CVD | Cancer | ||||
HR (CI 95%) | p-Value | HR (CI 95%) | p-Value | HR (CI 95%) | p-Value | |
WC (WHO, 1995) [38] | 0.83 (0.58–1.17) | 0.284 | 1.70 (0.83–3.52) | 0.149 | 0.85 (0.34–2.08) | 0.717 |
WC (Silveira et al., 2020) [28] | 0.87 (0.61–1.25) | 0.463 | 2.01 (0.90–4.47) | 0.089 | 0.91 (0.35–2.32) | 0.839 |
WHR | 1.62 (1.16–2.25) | 0.004 | 1.71 (0.96–3.05) | 0.067 | 1.57 (0.67–3.67) | 0.301 |
Mortality Causes | WC a (Who, 1995 [38]) | WC b (Silveira et al., 2020 [28]) | WHR c | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (CI 95%) | p-Value | HR (CI 95%) | p-Value | HR (CI 95%) | p-Value | |
All-cause | ||||||
Model 1 | 0.91 (0.65–1.27) | 0.567 | 0.92 (0.65–1.29) | 0.626 | 1.46 (1.00–2.11) | 0.044 |
Model 2 | 0.59 (0.35–1.02) | 0.058 | 0.59 (0.65–1.01) | 0.055 | 1.31 (0.77–2.23) | 0.319 |
CVD | ||||||
Model 1 | 2.61 (1.15–5.91) | 0.022 | 2.71 (1.14–6.44) | 0.023 | 1.61 (0.92–2.84) | 0.101 |
Model 2 | 2.45 (1.03–5.84) | 0.043 | 2.88 (1.15–7.23) | 0.024 | 1.34 (0.57–3.13) | 0.506 |
Cancer | ||||||
Model 1 | 1.03 (0.37–2.42) | 0.948 | 1.08 (0.38–3.09) | 0.878 | 1.41 (0.56–3.55) | 0.467 |
Model 2 | 1.14 (0.35–3.74) | 0.830 | 0.90 (0.23–3.56) | 0.882 | 2.05 (0.63–6.32) | 0.230 |
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Moura, L.d.A.N.e.; Pagotto, V.; Camargo Pereira, C.; de Oliveira, C.; Silveira, E.A. Does Abdominal Obesity Increase All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality Risks in Older Adults? A 10-Year Follow-Up Analysis. Nutrients 2022, 14, 4315. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204315
Moura LdANe, Pagotto V, Camargo Pereira C, de Oliveira C, Silveira EA. Does Abdominal Obesity Increase All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality Risks in Older Adults? A 10-Year Follow-Up Analysis. Nutrients. 2022; 14(20):4315. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204315
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoura, Letícia de Almeida Nogueira e, Valéria Pagotto, Cristina Camargo Pereira, Cesar de Oliveira, and Erika Aparecida Silveira. 2022. "Does Abdominal Obesity Increase All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortality Risks in Older Adults? A 10-Year Follow-Up Analysis" Nutrients 14, no. 20: 4315. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14204315