Correlations between Fatty Acid Profile and Body Fat Distribution in Postmenopausal Women—A Cross Sectional Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- There are statistically significant correlations between the level of selected fatty acids and the anthropometric variables among perimenopausal women.
- All obesity indices affect the levels of fatty acids in menopausal women.
- Are there statistically significant correlations between the level of fatty acids in the whole blood and the obesity index in perimenopausal women?
- Is the fatty acid profile of postmenopausal women modulated by the obesity indices?
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
- were at least one year from the last menstruation;
- had normal mammography results;
- had normal cervical smear results;
- had no clinically confirmed mental disease;
- were not receiving Menopausal Hormone Treatment;
- had normal blood pressure (less than 120 systolic and over 80 for diastolic);
- had a normal diet without supplementation of fatty acids (including omega-3), based on Polish cuisine;
- were Caucasian women residing in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland.
2.2. Measures
2.3. Procedures
2.4. Sampling and Fatty Acid Analysis
2.5. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Anthropometric Characteristics
3.2. Analysis of the Fatty Acid Profile in Whole Blood
3.3. Analysis between BMI and FA Profile in Whole Blood
- The omega3 fatty acids (n3)—the sum of C18:3n3, C20:5, C22:5n3 and C22:6n3;
- The omega6 fatty acids (n6)—the sum of C18:2n6, C18:3n6, C20:4 and C22:4n6;
- The omega9 fatty acids (n9)—the sum of C18:1trans11, C22:1 cis13 and C24:1;
- The saturated fatty acid (SFA)—the sum of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C15:0, C16:0, C17:0, C18:0, C22:0 and C23:0;
- The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)—the sum of C14:1, C16:1, C18:1n9, C18:1trans11 and C24:1;
- The polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)—the sum of C18:2n6, C18:3n6, C18:3n3, C18:4, C20:4, C20:5, C22:4n6, C22:5n3 and C22:6n3;
- The unsaturated fatty acid is sum (UFA)—the sum of MUFA and PUFA.
3.4. Analysis between FA in Whole Blood and WHR and WC
3.5. Analysis between BAI and FA Profile in Whole Blood
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
- Firstly, it is a cross-sectional study, therefore, we cannot fully assess the causal relationship between the fatty acids and the selected anthropometric parameters which was indeed noted by the reviewer;
- The FA levels were measured in the full blood, not in the RBC—the latter one reflects better the ingestion of fats with food;
- There is a limited power for this study, and larger sample size is warranted; we, however, checked the post-hoc power for significant correlations, and the power varied between 0.54–0.89;
- Menopause was determined by history, not estrogen levels, which is consistent with the WHO guidelines. The mean time from the last menstruation among the surveyed women was 9 years (SD = 6.5). Many studies examining various variables in postmenopausal women do not (if the goal does not require it) assess the level of hormones. Our study was also not intended to assess the effect of sex hormone levels on FAs, so it was not necessary to test for sex hormone levels;
- We have not analyzed the exact data on dietary habits using a standardized questionnaire, however, vegetarians and vegans were excluded from the study.
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | BMI | WC | BAI | All Women | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal Weight (n = 62) | Obese/Overweight (n = 94) | p | WC < 80 cm (n = 38) | WC ≥ 80 cm (n = 118) | p | Healthy (n = 87) | Overweight (n = 50) | Obese (n = 19) | p | ||||||||||
Me | IQR | Me | IQR | Me | IQR | Me | IQR | Me | IQR | Me | IQR | Me | IQR | Me | IQR | ||||
Age [years] | 58 | 7 | 59 | 7.25 | 0.104 | 58.5 | 5.25 | 59 | 9 | 0.338 | 58 | 7 | 59 | 6.25 | 62 | 8 | 0.0147 | 59 | 7.8 |
Height [cm] | 161.5 | 9.75 | 162.5 | 8 | 0.813 | 160 | 11.25 | 162 | 9 | 0.339 | 164 | 8 | 158 | 7.5 | 160 | 6 | <0.0001 | 162 | 9 |
Weight [kg] | 61 | 7.5 | 75.5 | 13.5 | <0.0001 | 61 | 8.25 | 73 | 16 | <0.0001 | 65 | 12 | 73 | 17.75 | 89 | 12 | <0.0001 | 70 | 16.5 |
BMI [kg/m2] | 23.23 | 1.65 | 28.8 | 5.1 | <0.0001 | 23.23 | 2.46 | 27.7 | 5.7 | <0.0001 | 24.38 | 3.19 | 28.67 | 3.96 | 33.2 | 2.98 | <0.0001 | 26.1 | 6.0 |
WC [cm] | 80 | 8 | 91.5 | 15.25 | <0.0001 | 76 | 5 | 90 | 13.25 | <0.0001 | 82 | 10 | 90 | 17 | 102 | 11 | <0.0001 | 85 | 15 |
HC [cm] | 98 | 7.25 | 108.5 | 11 | <0.0001 | 96 | 6.75 | 105.5 | 10.25 | <0.0001 | 101 | 8 | 107.5 | 8.5 | 120 | 13 | <0.0001 | 104 | 12.5 |
WHR [cm] | 0.81 | 0.07 | 0.83 | 0.08 | <0.0001 | 0.78 | 0.069 | 0.84 | 0.07 | <0.0001 | 0.82 | 0.077 | 0.83 | 0.07 | 0.84 | 0.107 | <0.0001 | 0.8 | 0.07 |
WHtR [cm] | 0.49 | 0.05 | 0.57 | 0.09 | 0.407 | 0.47 | 0.04 | 0.55 | 0.09 | 0.403 | 0.5 | 0.063 | 0.57 | 0.85 | 0.62 | 0.073 | 0.0638 | 0.53 | 0.1 |
BAI [%] | 29.65 | 4.0 | 35.05 | 6.32 | <0.0001 | 30.05 | 4.64 | 33.61 | 7.09 | <0.0001 | 30.03 | 3.18 | 35.62 | 2.85 | 42.42 | 2.94 | <0.0001 | 32.5 | 6.4 |
Fatty Acid (%) | BMI [kg/m2] | Body Mass # [kg] | BMI ^ | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal Weight | Obese/Overweight | p | FDR | |||||||||
r | p | FDR | r | p | FDR | Me | IQR | Me | IQR | |||
C10:0 | 0.096 | 0.231 | 0.71 | 0.080 | 0.322 | 0.58 | 1.52 | 1.14 | 1.71 | 1.14 | 0.356 | 0.98 |
C12:0 | 0.045 | 0.577 | 0.73 | 0.099 | 0.222 | 0.58 | 0.24 | 0.085 | 0.25 | 1.112 | 0.669 | 0.98 |
C14:0 | 0.08 | 0.32 | 0.72 | 0.143 | 0.075 | 0.52 | 1.18 | 0.653 | 1.34 | 0.767 | 0.633 | 0.98 |
C14:1 | 0.024 | 0.769 | 0.82 | 0.025 | 0.825 | 0.90 | 0.11 | 0.140 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.951 | 0.98 |
C15:0 | −0.077 | 0.34 | 0.72 | −0.058 | 0.461 | 0.72 | 0.33 | 0.188 | 0.34 | 0.184 | 0.892 | 0.98 |
C16:0 | 0.041 | 0.61 | 0.73 | 0.103 | 0.202 | 0.58 | 24.16 | 4.63 | 24.52 | 5.510 | 0.938 | 0.98 |
C16:1 | 0.205 | 0.01 1 | 0.19 | 0.177 | 0.029 2 | 0.52 | 1.19 | 0.537 | 1.27 | 0.827 | 0.125 | 0.98 |
C17:0 | −0.058 | 0.473 | 0.73 | −0.002 | 0.964 | 0.98 | 0.4 | 0.145 | 0.42 | 0101 | 0.944 | 0.98 |
C18:0 | 0.009 | 0.908 | 0.91 | 0.057 | 0.487 | 0.72 | 11.84 | 13.250 | 12.64 | 13.00 | 0.999 | 0.999 |
C18:1n9 | 0.111 | 0.168 | 0.69 | −0.011 | 0.888 | 0.94 | 16.35 | 4.777 | 17.03 | 5.306 | 0.347 | 0.98 |
C18-1trans11 | −0.035 | 0.666 | 0.73 | −0.078 | 0.324 | 0.58 | 1.55 | 0.578 | 1.51 | 0.618 | 0.852 | 0.98 |
C18:2n6 | −0.121 | 0.133 | 0.69 | −0.127 | 0.110 | 0.52 | 17.87 | 6.385 | 18.08 | 6.963 | 0.338 | 0.98 |
C18:3n6 | 0.104 | 0.196 | 0.69 | 0.076 | 0.358 | 0.61 | 0.26 | 0.192 | 0.29 | 0.169 | 0.397 | 0.98 |
C18:3n3 | −0.069 | 0.393 | 0.73 | −0.090 | 0.257 | 0.58 | 0.57 | 0.228 | 0.55 | 0.271 | 0.776 | 0.98 |
C20:4 | −0.073 | 0.365 | 0.73 | −0.123 | 0.123 | 0.52 | 8.32 | 3.293 | 8.10 | 3.486 | 0.442 | 0.98 |
C20:5 | 0.016 | 0.839 | 0.86 | 0.026 | 0.757 | 0.86 | 1.2 | 0.853 | 1.15 | 0.841 | 0.415 | 0.98 |
C22:0 | −0.092 | 0.251 | 0.71 | −0.087 | 0.093 | 0.52 | 0.31 | 0.465 | 0.26 | 0.422 | 0.392 | 0.98 |
C22:4n6 | −0.039 | 0.631 | 0.73 | −0.057 | 0.473 | 0.72 | 0.79 | 0.44 | 0.78 | 0.414 | 0.529 | 0.98 |
C22:5n3 | −0.035 | 0.665 | 0.73 | −0.044 | 0.581 | 0.76 | 1.23 | 0.502 | 1.23 | 0.590 | 0.787 | 0.98 |
C22:6n3 | −0.103 | 0.202 | 0.69 | −0.083 | 0.298 | 0.58 | 2.66 | 1.23 | 2.62 | 1.476 | 0.931 | 0.98 |
C23:0 | 0.036 | 0.659 | 0.73 | 0.064 | 0.687 | 0.85 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.294 | 0.918 | 0.98 |
C24:1 | 0.084 | 0.298 | 0.72 | 0.306 | 0.222 | 0.58 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.678 | 0.98 |
SFA | 0.039 | 0.633 | 0.73 | 0.091 | 0.256 | 0.58 | 41.44 | 18 | 41.5 | 16.8 | 0.906 | 0.98 |
MUFA | 0.144 | 0.073 | 0.69 | 0.029 | 0.721 | 0.85 | 19.43 | 5.53 | 20.2 | 6.2 | 0.267 | 0.98 |
PUFA | −0.112 | 0.163 | 0.69 | −0.124 | 0.120 | 0.52 | 35.6 | 11.8 | 32 | 12.8 | 0.541 | 0.98 |
UFA | −0.039 | 0.633 | 0.73 | −0.087 | 0.272 | 0.58 | 58.3 | 17.7 | 57.8 | 16.7 | 0.941 | 0.98 |
n3 | −0.051 | 0.53 | 0.73 | −0.052 | 0.513 | 0.73 | 5.7 | 2.4 | 5.8 | 2.8 | 0.558 | 0.98 |
n6 | −0.117 | 0.144 | 0.69 | −0.136 | 0.090 | 0.53 | 28.6 | 10.2 | 27 | 11 | 0.334 | 0.98 |
n9 | 0.122 | 0.13 | 0.69 | 0.03 | 0.976 | 0.98 | 16.3 | 4.6 | 17.4 | 5.4 | 0.298 | 0.98 |
n6/n9 | −0.229 | 0.004 3 | 0.15 | −0.141 | 0.077 | 0.52 | 1.7 | 0.42 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.303 | 0.98 |
n6/n3 | −0.039 | 0.627 | 0.73 | −0.048 | 0.546 | 0.74 | 4 | 1.65 | 4.5 | 1.4 | 0.902 | 0.98 |
PUFA/SFA | −0.081 | 0.316 | 0.72 | −0.112 | 0.161 | 0.58 | 0.89 | 0.54 | 0.79 | 0.54 | 0.696 | 0.98 |
MUFA/SFA | 0.065 | 0.419 | 0.73 | −0.03 | 0.705 | 0.85 | 0.48 | 0.26 | 0.49 | 0.3 | 0.550 | 0.98 |
UFA/SFA | −0.039 | 0.633 | 0.73 | −0.089 | 0.269 | 0.58 | 1.41 | 0.83 | 1.39 | 0.8 | 0.920 | 0.98 |
Fatty Acid (%) | WHR | WC [cm] # | WC ^ | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WC < 80 | WC > 80 | p | FDR | |||||||||
r | p | FDR | r | p | FDR | Me | IQR | Me | IQR | |||
C10:0 | 0.048 | 0.551 | 0.78 | 0.109 | 0.179 | 0.58 | 1.52 | 1.39 | 1.78 | 1.32 | 0.567 | 0.74 |
C12:0 | 0.077 | 0.338 | 0.64 | 0.100 | 0.221 | 0.58 | 0.24 | 0.113 | 0.25 | 0.111 | 0.244 | 0.66 |
C14:0 | 0.133 | 0.098 | 0.28 | 0.121 | 0.134 | 0.58 | 1.13 | 0.598 | 1.30 | 0.757 | 0.164 | 0.66 |
C14:1 | −0.066 | 0.411 | 0.73 | −0.06 | 0.515 | 0.70 | 0.10 | 0.086 | 0.11 | 0.137 | 0.551 | 0.74 |
C15:0 | −0.016 | 0.844 | 0.96 | −0.02 | 0.793 | 0.79 | 0.32 | 0.184 | 0.34 | 0.187 | 0.460 | 0.71 |
C16:0 | 0.141 | 0.079 | 0.28 | 0.09 | 0.268 | 0.58 | 23.27 | 5.504 | 26.64 | 5.21 | 0.340 | 0.70 |
C16:1 | 0.063 | 0.432 | 0.73 | 0.205 | 0.011 1 | 0.38 | 1.17 | 0.476 | 1.29 | 0.781 | 0.185 | 0.65 |
C17:0 | 0.021 | 0.792 | 0.94 | 0.033 | 0.697 | 0.75 | 0.40 | 0.096 | 0.42 | 0.118 | 0.633 | 0.80 |
C18:0 | 0.118 | 0.143 | 0.34 | 0.039 | 0.697 | 0.75 | 11.76 | 13.386 | 12.37 | 13.12 | 0.782 | 0.83 |
C18:1n9 | −0.003 | 0.968 | 0.999 | 0.091 | 0.263 | 0.58 | 15.95 | 4.475 | 17.15 | 5.242 | 0.252 | 0.66 |
C18-1trans11 | −0.166 | 0.039 2 | 0.28 | −0.052 | 0.509 | 0.70 | 1.57 | 0.525 | 1.51 | 0.652 | 0.758 | 0.83 |
C18:2n6 | −0.165 | 0.04 3 | 0.28 | −0.151 | 0.057 | 0.58 | 20.57 | 20.57 | 17.87 | 6.507 | 0.060 | 0.66 |
C18:3n6 | 0.089 | 0.271 | 0.54 | 0.147 | 0.072 | 0.58 | 0.22 | 0.221 | 0.28 | 0.170 | 0.216 | 0.66 |
C18:3n3 | 0.02 | 0.801 | 0.94 | −0.048 | 0.536 | 0.70 | 0.57 | 0.191 | 0.57 | 0.268 | 0.510 | 0.72 |
C20:4 | −0.122 | 0.129 | 0.34 | −0.075 | 0.343 | 0.58 | 8.49 | 3.608 | 8.04 | 3.197 | 0.401 | 0.70 |
C20:5 | −0.052 | 0.52 | 0.77 | −0.012 | 0.677 | 0.75 | 1.18 | 0.986 | 1.17 | 0.797 | 0.703 | 0.83 |
C22:0 | −0.052 | 0.522 | 0.77 | −0.035 | 0.311 | 0.58 | 0.32 | 0.414 | 0.28 | 0.473 | 0.986 | 0.99 |
C22:4n6 | −0.002 | 0.977 | 0.999 | 0.035 | 0.677 | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.436 | 0.79 | 0.412 | 0.843 | 0.87 |
C22:5n3 | −0.146 | 0.069 | 0.28 | −0.074 | 0.344 | 0.58 | 1.37 | 0.633 | 1.21 | 0.497 | 0.134 | 0.66 |
C22:6n3 | −0.092 | 0.253 | 0.54 | −0.120 | 0.130 | 0.58 | 2.77 | 1.477 | 2.59 | 1.293 | 0.380 | 0.70 |
C23:0 | −0.025 | 0.761 | 0.94 | 0.09 | 0.46 | 0.68 | 0.13 | 0.242 | 0.17 | 0.299 | 0.284 | 0.69 |
C24:1 | 0.035 | 0.661 | 0.90 | 0.28 | 0.44 | 0.68 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.483 | 0.71 |
SFA | 0.134 | 0.094 | 0.28 | 0.077 | 0.33 | 0.58 | 39.3 | 17.8 | 42 | 17.2 | 0.430 | 0.70 |
MUFA | 0 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.113 | 0.160 | 0.58 | 19 | 5.4 | 20.2 | 6.2 | 0.193 | 0.66 |
PUFA | −0.149 | 0.063 | 0.28 | −0.140 | 0.081 | 0.58 | 37 | 12.7 | 32 | 12.1 | 0.117 | 0.66 |
UFA | −0.134 | 0.094 | 0.28 | −0.076 | 0.343 | 0.58 | 59.9 | 17.3 | 57.5 | 17.1 | 0.377 | 0.70 |
n3 | −0.115 | 0.152 | 0.34 | −0.105 | 0.190 | 0.58 | 5.9 | 3.1 | 5.7 | 2.4 | 0.729 | 0.83 |
n6 | −0.156 | 0.052 | 0.28 | −0.133 | 0.098 | 0.58 | 31.2 | 10.7 | 26.5 | 10.3 | 0.109 | 0.66 |
n9 | −0.007 | 0.929 | 0.999 | 0.096 | 0.234 | 0.58 | 16 | 4.6 | 17.2 | 4.8 | 0.193 | 0.66 |
n6 /n9 | −0.194 | 0.015 4 | 0.28 | −0.035 | 0.665 | 0.75 | 1.9 | 0.56 | 1.72 | 0.4 | 0.002 | 0.07 |
n6 /n3 | −0.031 | 0.705 | 0.92 | 0.024 | 0.762 | 0.79 | 4.6 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 1.5 | 0.336 | 0.70 |
PUFA/SFA | −0.145 | 0.071 | 0.28 | -.0117 | 0.144 | 0.58 | 0.96 | 0.56 | 0.78 | 0.53 | 0.171 | 0.66 |
MUFA/SFA | −0.06 | 0.457 | 0.74 | 0.031 | 0.703 | 0.75 | 0.49 | 0.27 | 0.48 | 0.29 | 0.704 | 0.83 |
UFA/SFA | −0.134 | 0.094 | 0.28 | −0.074 | 0.357 | 0.58 | 1.53 | 0.82 | 1.37 | 0.79 | 0.418 | 0.70 |
Fatty Acid (%) | BAI | BAI | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy (n = 87) | Overweight (n = 50) | Obese (n = 19) | p | FDR | |||||||
r | p | FDR | Me | IQR | Me | IQR | Me | IQR | |||
C10:0 | 0.132 | 0.1 | 0.46 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 0.15 | 0.44 |
C12:0 | −0.006 | 0.9 | 0.92 | 0.25 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.13 | 0.6 | 0.76 |
C14:0 | −0.04 | 0.6 | 0.78 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.44 |
C14:1 | 0.054 | 0.6 | 0.78 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.1 | 0.38 |
C15:0 | −0.101 | 0.2 | 0.62 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.34 | 0.23 | 0.4 | 0.62 |
C16:0 | −0.05 | 0.5 | 0.78 | 25 | 5 | 23.9 | 5.1 | 23.2 | 6.3 | 0.2 | 0.44 |
C16:1 | 0.22 | 0.006 1 | 0.06 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1 | 0.006 | 0.05 |
C17:0 | −0.07 | 0.4 | 0.78 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.06 | 0.8 | 0.85 |
C18:0 | −0.06 | 0.47 | 0.78 | 12.1 | 13.8 | 12.6 | 11.5 | 11.2 | 10.1 | 0.3 | 0.51 |
C18:1n9 | 0.22 | 0.007 2 | 0.06 | 15.8 | 4.7 | 17.1 | 5.3 | 18.4 | 1.6 | 0.003 | 0.03 |
C18-1trans11 | 0.095 | 0.24 | 0.63 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.44 |
C18:2n6 | −0.078 | 0.3 | 0.73 | 17.9 | 6.9 | 18.6 | 5.4 | 15.9 | 9.2 | 0.5 | 0.65 |
C18:3n6 | 0.103 | 0.2 | 0.62 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.33 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.23 |
C18:3n3 | −0.1 | 0.2 | 0.62 | 0.57 | 0.21 | 0.58 | 0.29 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.51 |
C20:4 | 0.03 | 0.7 | 0.85 | 8.3 | 3.4 | 8.3 | 3.7 | 9 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 0.65 |
C20:5 | 0.011 | 0.9 | 0.92 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.85 |
C22:0 | 0.025 | 0.8 | 0.83 | 0.28 | 0.42 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.85 |
C22:4n6 | 0.073 | 0.4 | 0.78 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.38 |
C22:5n3 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.79 | 1.21 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.44 |
C22:6n3 | −0.09 | 0.24 | 0.63 | 2.7 | 1.2 | 2.6 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.65 |
C23:0 | 0.072 | 0.4 | 0.78 | 0 | 0 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.51 |
C24:1 | 0.251 | 0.002 3 | 0.06 | 0.74 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 0.93 |
SFA | −0.40 | 0.619 | 0.78 | 42.1 | 18.3 | 41.1 | 15.7 | 40.9 | 17.55 | 0.251 | 0.50 |
MUFA | 0.227 | 0.046 4 | 0.31 | 18.9 | 5.8 | 20.2 | 5 | 22.48 | 2.73 | 0.002 | 0.03 |
PUFA | −0.041 | 0.607 | 0.78 | 32.1 | 13.4 | 33.8 | 12.1 | 33.5 | 12.45 | 0.491 | 0.65 |
UFA | 0.043 | 0.595 | 0.78 | 57 | 18.1 | 58.2 | 15.2 | 58.32 | 17.28 | 0.205 | 0.44 |
n3 | −0.027 | 0.734 | 0.86 | 5.9 | 2.7 | 5.9 | 2.7 | 5.8 | 2.6 | 0.623 | 0.76 |
n6 | −0.051 | 0.53 | 0.78 | 27.1 | 11 | 28.95 | 9.9 | 28.5 | 11.2 | 0.700 | 0.82 |
n9 | 0.224 | 0.005 5 | 0.06 | 15.8 | 4.4 | 17.2 | 5.3 | 18.7 | 1.98 | 0.002 | 0.03 |
n6/n9 | −0.149 | 0.0628 | 0.31 | 1.8 | 0.47 | 1.64 | 0.41 | 1.57 | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0.38 |
n6/n3 | 0.019 | 0.814 | 0.89 | 4.4 | 1.9 | 4.5 | 1.3 | 4.49 | 1.31 | 0.995 | 0.995 |
PUFA/SFA | −0.008 | 0.916 | 0.92 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.81 | 0.55 | 0.868 | 0.536 | 0.366 | 0.59 |
MUFA/SFA | 0.153 | 0.0575 | 0.31 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.501 | 0.265 | 0.556 | 0.255 | 0.02 | 0.14 |
UFA/SFA | 0.043 | 0.595 | 0.78 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 1.41 | 0.77 | 1.425 | 0.802 | 0.196 | 0.44 |
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Cybulska, A.M.; Rachubińska, K.; Skonieczna-Żydecka, K.; Drozd, A.; Pawlik, J.; Stachowska, E.; Cymbaluk-Płoska, A.; Grochans, E. Correlations between Fatty Acid Profile and Body Fat Distribution in Postmenopausal Women—A Cross Sectional Study. Nutrients 2022, 14, 3865. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183865
Cybulska AM, Rachubińska K, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Drozd A, Pawlik J, Stachowska E, Cymbaluk-Płoska A, Grochans E. Correlations between Fatty Acid Profile and Body Fat Distribution in Postmenopausal Women—A Cross Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2022; 14(18):3865. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183865
Chicago/Turabian StyleCybulska, Anna Maria, Kamila Rachubińska, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Arleta Drozd, Jolanta Pawlik, Ewa Stachowska, Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska, and Elżbieta Grochans. 2022. "Correlations between Fatty Acid Profile and Body Fat Distribution in Postmenopausal Women—A Cross Sectional Study" Nutrients 14, no. 18: 3865. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183865