Body Weight, Weight Self-Perception, Weight Teasing and Their Association with Health Behaviors among Chinese Adolescents—The Shanghai Youth Health Behavior Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Sample
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Measurements
2.3.1. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Weight Status
2.3.2. Weight Perception
2.3.3. Weight Teasing
2.3.4. Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Behavior
2.3.5. Binge Eating Behavior
2.3.6. Physical Activity
2.3.7. Sedentary Behavior
2.3.8. Sleep Disturbance
2.3.9. Other Variables
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics among Different Weight-Related Statuses
3.2. Distributions of Weight Perception and Teasing among Different Body Weight Statuses (BMI)
3.3. Associations between Weight-Related Statuses and Health Risk Behaviors
3.4. Weight Perception and Teasing Associated with Six Health Risk Behaviors by Body Weight Status (BMI)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Body Mass Index (BMI) | Weight Perception | |||||||
Under-Weight | Normal | Overweight/Obese | p-Value | Too Light | Just Right | Too Heavy | p-Value | |
Age | 15.15 ± 0.07 | 15.00 ± 0.03 | 14.98 ± 0.04 | 0.099 | 14.87 ± 0.05 | 14.76 ± 0.04 | 15.28 ± 0.03 | <0.001 |
Sex | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Male | 519 (10.21) | 2753 (54.18) | 1809 (35.61) | 1244 (24.48) | 1781 (35.05) | 2056 (40.47) | ||
Female | 322 (7.83) | 3042 (73.96) | 749 (18.21) | 548 (13.32) | 1626 (39.53) | 1939 (47.15) | ||
School type | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Junior high school | 374 (8.56) | 2778 (63.62) | 1215 (27.82) | 897 (20.54) | 1828 (41.86) | 1642 (37.60) | ||
Senior high school | 228 (8.50) | 1774 (66.15) | 680 (25.35) | 454 (16.93) | 852 (31.77) | 1376 (51.30) | ||
Vocational high school | 239 (11.14) | 1243 (57.95) | 663 (30.91) | 441 (20.56) | 727 (33.89) | 977 (45.55) | ||
Registered residence | 0.022 | <0.001 | ||||||
Local | 599 (9.51) | 3912 (62.13) | 1786 (28.36) | 1185 (18.82) | 2218 (35.22) | 2894 (45.96) | ||
Nonlocal | 242 (8.35) | 1883 (65.00) | 772 (26.65) | 607 (20.95) | 1189 (41.04) | 1101 (38.01) | ||
Living on campus | 0.190 | 0.004 | ||||||
Yes | 125 (8.36) | 973 (65.04) | 398 (26.60) | 325 (21.73) | 503 (33.62) | 668 (44.65) | ||
No | 716 (9.30) | 4822 (62.64) | 2160 (28.06) | 1467 (19.06) | 2904 (37.72) | 3327 (43.22) | ||
Socioeconomic status | 0.003 | 0.139 | ||||||
Low | 255 (9.49) | 1627 (60.52) | 806 (29.99) | 554 (20.61) | 963 (35.83) | 1171 (43.56) | ||
Middle | 288 (8.72) | 2083 (63.06) | 932 (28.22) | 617 (18.68) | 1218 (36.88) | 1468 (44.44) | ||
High | 298 (9.30) | 2085 (65.10) | 820 (25.60) | 621 (19.39) | 1226 (38.28) | 1356 (42.33) | ||
Monthly pocket money (¥) | 0.134 | <0.001 | ||||||
<200 | 418 (8.70) | 3010 (62.66) | 1376 (28.64) | 967 (20.12) | 1820 (37.89) | 2017 (41.99) | ||
200–399 | 165 (8.89) | 1190 (64.16) | 500 (26.95) | 312 (16.81) | 728 (39.25) | 815 (43.94) | ||
400–599 | 98 (9.12) | 679 (63.16) | 298 (27.72) | 200 (18.60) | 369 (34.33) | 506 (47.07) | ||
≥600 | 160 (10.96) | 916 (62.74) | 384 (26.30) | 313 (21.44) | 490 (33.56) | 657 (45.00) | ||
Academic performance | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
Top 25% | 293 (8.97) | 2168 (66.36) | 806 (24.67) | 681 (20.84) | 1301 (39.83) | 1285 (39.33) | ||
Middle | 391 (9.15) | 2702 (63.22) | 1181 (27.63) | 795 (18.60) | 1602 (37.48) | 1877 (43.92) | ||
Bottom 25% | 157 (9.50) | 925 (55.96) | 571 (34.54) | 316 (19.12) | 504 (30.49) | 833 (50.39) | ||
Total | 841 (9.15) | 5795 (63.03) | 2558 (27.82) | 1792 (19.49) | 3407 (37.06) | 3995 (43.45) | ||
Weight Teasing | Total | |||||||
Never | Less than Once a Year | More than Once a Year | p-Value | |||||
Age | 14.87 ± 0.05 | 14.76 ± 0.04 | 15.28 ± 0.03 | <0.001 | 15.01 ± 0.02 | |||
Sex | <0.001 | |||||||
Male | 3640 (71.64) | 648 (12.75) | 793 (15.61) | 5081 (55.26) | ||||
Female | 2753 (66.93) | 622 (15.12) | 738 (17.95) | 4113 (44.74) | ||||
School type | <0.001 | |||||||
Junior high school | 3058 (70.03) | 525 (12.02) | 784 (17.95) | 4367 (47.50) | ||||
Senior high school | 1777 (66.26) | 446 (16.63) | 459 (17.11) | 2682 (29.17) | ||||
Vocational high school | 1558 (72.63) | 299 (13.94) | 288 (13.43) | 2145 (23.33) | ||||
Registered residence | 0.267 | |||||||
Local | 4350 (69.08) | 893 (14.18) | 1054 (16.74) | 6297 (68.49) | ||||
Nonlocal | 2043 (70.52) | 377 (13.01) | 477 (16.47) | 2897 (31.51) | ||||
Living on campus | 0.020 | |||||||
Yes | 1044 (69.78) | 232 (15.51) | 220 (14.71) | 1496 (16.27) | ||||
No | 5349 (69.49) | 1038 (13.48) | 1311 (17.03) | 7698 (83.73) | ||||
Socioeconomic status | 0.078 | |||||||
Low | 1897 (70.57) | 381 (14.17) | 410 (15.26) | 2688 (29.24) | ||||
Middle | 2268 (68.67) | 475 (14.38) | 560 (16.95) | 3303 (35.92) | ||||
High | 2228 (69.56) | 414 (12.93) | 561 (17.51) | 3203 (34.84) | ||||
Monthly pocket money (¥) | 0.337 | |||||||
<200 | 3369 (70.13) | 637 (13.26) | 798 (16.61) | 4804 (52.25) | ||||
200–399 | 1293 (69.71) | 257 (13.85) | 305 (16.44) | 1855 (20.18) | ||||
400–599 | 716 (66.60) | 172 (16.00) | 187 (17.40) | 1075 (11.69) | ||||
≥600 | 1015 (69.52) | 204 (13.97) | 241 (16.51) | 1460 (15.88) | ||||
Academic performance | <0.001 | |||||||
Top 25% | 2324 (71.14) | 430 (13.16) | 513 (15.70) | 3267 (35.53) | ||||
Middle | 2996 (70.10) | 603 (14.11) | 675 (15.79) | 4274 (46.49) | ||||
Bottom 25% | 1073 (64.91) | 237 (14.34) | 343 (20.75) | 1653 (17.98) | ||||
Total | 6393 (69.54) | 1270 (13.81) | 1531 (16.65) |
Underweight | Normal | Overweight/Obese | χ2 Test | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
All participants | |||||
Weight perception | 2980.53 | <0.001 | |||
Too light | 594 (70.63) | 1033 (17.82) | 165 (6.45) | ||
Just right | 193 (22.95) | 2803 (48.37) | 411 (16.07) | ||
Too heavy | 54 (6.42) | 1959 (33.81) | 1982 (77.48) | ||
Weight teasing | 736.79 | <0.001 | |||
Never | 692 (82.28) | 4436 (76.55) | 1265 (49.45) | ||
Less than once a year | 67 (7.97) | 699 (12.06) | 504 (19.70) | ||
More than once a year | 82 (9.75) | 660 (11.39) | 789 (30.85) | ||
Male | |||||
Weight perception | 2296.17 | <0.001 | |||
Too light | 403 (77.65) | 726 (26.37) | 115 (6.36) | ||
Just right | 95 (18.30) | 1403 (50.96) | 283 (15.64) | ||
Too heavy | 21 (4.05) | 624 (22.67) | 1411 (78.00) | ||
Weight teasing | 533.47 | <0.001 | |||
Never | 407 (78.42) | 2282 (82.89) | 951 (52.57) | ||
Less than once a year | 50 (9.63) | 257 (9.34) | 341 (18.85) | ||
More than once a year | 62 (11.95) | 214 (7.77) | 517 (28.58) | ||
Female | |||||
Weight perception | 928.79 | <0.001 | |||
Too light | 191 (59.32) | 307 (10.09) | 50 (6.68) | ||
Just right | 98 (30.43) | 1400 (46.02) | 128 (17.09) | ||
Too heavy | 33 (10.25) | 1335 (43.89) | 571 (76.23) | ||
Weight teasing | 326.24 | <0.001 | |||
Never | 285 (88.51) | 2154 (70.81) | 314 (41.92) | ||
Less than once a year | 17 (5.28) | 442 (14.53) | 163 (21.76) | ||
More than once a year | 20 (6.21) | 446 (14.66) | 272 (36.32) |
Lack of Healthy Dietary Behavior | Unhealthy Dietary Behavior | Binge Eating | Lack of Physical Activity | Sedentary Behavior | Sleep Disturbance | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model 1 | ||||||
Body weight status (BMI) | ||||||
Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Underweight | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) | 1.13 (0.97–1.32) | 0.91 (0.78–1.08) | 0.92 (0.76–1.12) | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 1.04 (0.88–1.24) |
Overweight/obese | 1.00 (0.90–1.10) | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) | 1.17 (1.05–1.30) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) | 1.10 (0.98–1.24) |
Weight perception | ||||||
Just right | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Too light | 1.22 (1.08–1.37) | 1.27 (1.12–1.45) | 1.19 (1.05–1.35) | 1.12 (0.96–1.31) | 1.03 (0.91–1.16) | 1.04 (0.88–1.24) |
Too heavy | 1.09 (0.99–1.20) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | 1.38 (1.24–1.53) | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) | 1.37 (1.25–1.51) | 1.10 (0.98–1.24) |
Weight teasing | ||||||
Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Less than once a year | 1.33 (1.17–1.51) | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 1.41 (1.24–1.61) | 1.51 (1.26–1.82) | 1.14 (1.01–1.29) | 1.59 (1.38–1.84) |
More than once a year | 1.24 (1.10–1.39) | 1.34 (1.19–1.51) | 2.06 (1.83–2.32) | 1.13 (0.97–1.32) | 1.41 (1.25–1.58) | 1.77 (1.57–1.98) |
Model 2 | ||||||
Body weight status (BMI) | ||||||
Normal | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Underweight | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 1.03 (0.87–1.23) | 0.86 (0.72–1.03) | 0.88 (0.72–1.09) | 1.06 (0.90–1.25) | 0.95 (0.79–1.15) |
Overweight/obese | 0.94 (0.84–1.06) | 0.86 (0.76–0.97) | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) | 0.91 (0.79–1.06) | 0.94 (0.84–1.05) | 0.80 (0.70–0.91) |
Weight perception | ||||||
Just right | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Too light | 1.21 (1.07–1.38) | 1.24 (1.09–1.41) | 1.18 (1.03–1.34) | 1.11 (0.95–1.29) | 1.01 (0.90–1.15) | 1.52 (1.31–1.76) |
Too heavy | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 1.01 (0.90–1.13) | 1.07 (0.95–1.21) | 1.12 (0.97–1.29) | 1.30 (1.17–1.45) | 1.39 (1.22–1.58) |
Weight teasing | ||||||
Never | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Less than once a year | 1.36 (1.19–1.55) | 1.05 (0.92–1.21) | 1.38 (1.21–1.59) | 1.49 (1.23–1.81) | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | 1.44 (1.24–1.66) |
More than once a year | 1.28 (1.13–1.46) | 1.41 (1.24–1.61) | 2.00 (1.76–2.27) | 1.11 (0.94–1.31) | 1.26 (1.11–1.42) | 2.27 (1.99–2.60) |
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Tan, Y.; Lu, W.; Gu, W.; Yu, Z.; Zhu, J. Body Weight, Weight Self-Perception, Weight Teasing and Their Association with Health Behaviors among Chinese Adolescents—The Shanghai Youth Health Behavior Survey. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142931
Tan Y, Lu W, Gu W, Yu Z, Zhu J. Body Weight, Weight Self-Perception, Weight Teasing and Their Association with Health Behaviors among Chinese Adolescents—The Shanghai Youth Health Behavior Survey. Nutrients. 2022; 14(14):2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142931
Chicago/Turabian StyleTan, Yinliang, Weiyi Lu, Wenxin Gu, Zhiping Yu, and Jingfen Zhu. 2022. "Body Weight, Weight Self-Perception, Weight Teasing and Their Association with Health Behaviors among Chinese Adolescents—The Shanghai Youth Health Behavior Survey" Nutrients 14, no. 14: 2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142931
APA StyleTan, Y., Lu, W., Gu, W., Yu, Z., & Zhu, J. (2022). Body Weight, Weight Self-Perception, Weight Teasing and Their Association with Health Behaviors among Chinese Adolescents—The Shanghai Youth Health Behavior Survey. Nutrients, 14(14), 2931. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142931