Negative Physical Self-Concept Is Associated to Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Negative Lifestyle and Poor Mental Health in Chilean Schoolchildren
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Main Outcomes and Independent Variables
2.2.1. Self-Concept (Main Outcomes)
2.2.2. Depression
2.2.3. Body Image
2.2.4. Physical Activity Level
2.2.5. Lifestyle
2.2.6. Physical Fitness
2.2.7. Anthropometric Parameters
2.2.8. Procedure
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | Girls | Boys | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
n = 617 | n = 271 | n = 346 | ||
Characteristics | ||||
Demographics | ||||
Age (years) | 12 (10–13) | 12 (10–13) | 12 (10–13) | 0.80 |
Anthropometric parameters | ||||
Body mass (kg) | 50.8 (33–79) | 51.7 (33–81) | 49.9 (33.2–81) | 0.17 |
Zise (m) | 1.55 (1.4–1.73) | 1.6 (1.4–1.72) | 1.55 (1.4–1.73) | 0.42 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 20.8 (15.6–29.9) | 21.4 (15.5–30.7) | 20.5 (15.6–29.8) | 0.19 |
WC (cm) | 72 (59–97) | 72 (59–98) | 71 (59–96) | 0.15 |
WHtR (waist/size) | 0.46 (0.38–0.60) | 0.47 (0.38–0.60) | 0.46 (0.38–0.59) | 0.26 |
Fitness | ||||
VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 44.5 (35.9–61.8) | 44.5 (35.9–59.3) | 44.5 (37.7–61.8) | 0.46 |
HGS (kg) | 23 (13–42) | 22 (12–38) | 24 (13–42) | 0.03 |
Lifestyle | ||||
Screen Time (h/day) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–5) | 0.88 |
PA afterschool (h/week) | 3 (0–5) | 3 (0–5) | 3 (0–5) | 0.12 |
General PA (score) | 2.7 (1.3–5) | 2.8 (1.2–5) | 2.8 (1.3–5) | 0.39 |
Krece plus (score) | 5 (−2–11) | 5 (−2–11) | 5 (−2–11) | 0.57 |
Mental health | ||||
Body image dissatisfaction (score) | 48 (34–134) | 47 (34–132) | 48 (34–134) | 0.40 |
Depression (score) | 13 (4–28) | 12 (4–28) | 14 (4–28) | 0.35 |
PSC | ||||
Physical ability | 21 (13–30) | 21 (13–30) | 22 (14–30) | 0.52 |
Physical condition | 20 (10–30) | 20 (10–30) | 20 (11–30) | 0.90 |
Appearance | 21 (13–30) | 22 (13–30) | 21 (12–30) | 0.33 |
Strength | 20 (10–30) | 20 (10–30) | 20 (10–29) | 0.44 |
General PSC | 23 (11–30) | 23 (11–30) | 24 (11–30) | 0.33 |
General self-concept | 23 (13–30) | 23 (13–30) | 23 (13–30) | 0.99 |
PSC (total score) | 129 (98–160) | 129 (98–159) | 129 (98–161) | 0.93 |
Characteristics | Total n = 617 | Girls n = 271 | Boys n = 346 | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Anthropometric parameters | ||||
BMI category | 0.25 | |||
Normal weight, n (%) | 311 (50.4) | 130 (48.0) | 181 (52.3) | |
Overweigh, n (%) | 155 (25.1) | 66 (24.3) | 89 (25.7) | |
Obesity, n (%) | 151 (24.5) | 75 (27.7) | 76 (22.0) | |
CMR, category, n (%) | 0.29 | |||
WtHR ≤ 0.54 | 501 (81.2) | 215 (79.3) | 286 (82.7) | |
WtHR > 0.54 | 116 (18.8) | 56 (20.7) | 60 (17.3) | |
Fitness | ||||
CRF, category | 0.36 | |||
Good (≥42 mL/kg/min) | 415 (67.2) | 177 (65.3) | 238 (67.3) | |
Bad (<42 mL/kg/min) | 202 (32.7) | 94 (34.7) | 108 (31.2) | |
HGS, category, n (%) | 0.40 | |||
Acceptable (Up 3er tertile) | 423 (68.6) | 181 (66.8) | 242 (69.9) | |
Low (under 3er tertile) | 194 (31.4) | 90 (33.2) | 104 (30.1) | |
Lifestyle | ||||
Screen Time, category, n (%) | 0.86 | |||
Acceptable (≤2 h/day) | 182 (29.5) | 79 (29.1) | 103 (29.8) | |
Bad (>2 h/day) | 435 (70.5) | 192 (70.8) | 243 (70.2) | |
PA afterschool, n (%) | 0.12 | |||
Acceptable (>2 h/week) | 361 (58.5) | 168 (62.0) | 193 (55.8) | |
Bad (≤2 h/week) | 256 (41.5) | 103 (38.0) | 153 (44.2) | |
PA general, category, n (%) | 0.87 | |||
Good (≥4 score) | 143 (23.2) | 62 (22.9) | 81 (23.4) | |
Bad (<4 score) | 474 (76.8) | 209 (77.1) | 265 (76.6) | |
Nutritional level, category, n (%) | 0.97 | |||
Hight (≥9) | 212 (34.4) | 92 (34.0) | 120 (34.7) | |
Moderate (6–8) | 69 (11.2) | 31 (11.4) | 38 (11.0) | |
Low (≤5) | 336 (54.4) | 148 (54.6) | 188 (54.3) | |
Body image dissatisfaction, category, n (%) | 0.64 | |||
No | 462 (74.8) | 205 (75.6) | 257 (74.3) | |
Mild | 85 (13.8) | 40 (14.8) | 45 (13.0) | |
Moderate | 51 (8.3) | 19 (7.0) | 32 (9.2) | |
Marked | 19 (3.1) | 7 (2.6) | 12 (3.5) | |
Depression, category, n (%) | 0.65 | |||
No | 540 (87.5) | 239 (88.2) | 301 (87.0) | |
Yes | 77 (12.5) | 32 (11.8) | 45 (13.0) |
Characteristics | Rho Coefficient (p-Value) | β (95%CI), p-Value |
---|---|---|
Demographics | ||
Age (years) | −0.03 (0.32) | −0.002 (−0.006 to 0.002), 0.30 |
Anthropometric parameters | ||
Body mass (kg) | −0.05 (0.18) | −0.02 (−0.08 to 0.03), 0.49 |
BMI (kg/m2) | −0.04 (0.24) | −0.007 (−0.02 to 0.01), 0.42 |
WC (cm) | −0.03 (0.37) | −0.01 (−0.06 to 0.03), 0.51 |
WHtR (WC/size) | −0.03 (0.44) | −0.00008 (−0.0003 to 0.0002), 0.59 |
Fitness | ||
VO2max (mL/kg/min) | 0.18 (<0.001) | 0.10 (0.07 to 0.13), <0.001 |
HGS (kg) | 0.06 (0.08) | 0.02 (−0.01 to 0.05), 0.28 |
Lifestyle | ||
Screen Time (h/day) | −0.15 (<0.001) | −0.009 (−0.01 to −0.004), <0.001 |
PA afterschool (h/week) | 0.16 (<0.001) | 0.013 (0.007 to 0.02), <0.001 |
General PA (score) | 0.05 (0.17) | 0.004 (−0.0008 to 0.008), 0.10 |
Krece plus (score) | −0.12 (0.001) | −0.03 (−0.05 to −0.01), 0.002 |
Mental health | ||
Body image dissatisfaction (score) | −0.11 (0.004) | −0.19 (−0.33 to −0.05), 0.006 |
Depression (score) | −0.11 (0.003) | −0.04 (−0.07 to −0.01), 0.002 |
Characteristics | OR (95%CI) p-Value |
---|---|
PSC (≤120 Score) | |
Anthropometric parameters | |
Overweigh or obesity | 1.34 (0.96–1.88), 0.08 |
CMR (WHtR > 0.54) | 1.29 (0.84–1.97), 0.22 |
Fitness | |
CRF Bad (<42 Vo2Max) | 1.48 (1.01–2.16), 0.04 |
HGS Low (under 3th tertile) | 1.03 (0.71–1.47), 0.86 |
Lifestyle | |
Screen Time (>2 h/day) | 2.1 (1.41–3.12), <0.001 |
PA afterschool (≤2 h/day) | 1.52 (1.08–2.13), 0.015 |
General PA (<4 score) | 1.50 (0.99–2.28), 0.05 |
Low Nutritional level (Krece ≤ 5) | 0.84 (0.59–1.19), 0.34 |
Psychological well-being | |
Body image dissatisfaction | |
Mild or moderate | 1.27 (0.85–1.89), 0.24 |
Severe | 2.2 (0.87–5.5), 0.09 |
Depression | 1.80 (1.1–2.92), 0.017 |
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Delgado-Floody, P.; Soto-García, D.; Caamaño-Navarrete, F.; Carter-Thuillier, B.; Guzmán-Guzmán, I.P. Negative Physical Self-Concept Is Associated to Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Negative Lifestyle and Poor Mental Health in Chilean Schoolchildren. Nutrients 2022, 14, 2771. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132771
Delgado-Floody P, Soto-García D, Caamaño-Navarrete F, Carter-Thuillier B, Guzmán-Guzmán IP. Negative Physical Self-Concept Is Associated to Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Negative Lifestyle and Poor Mental Health in Chilean Schoolchildren. Nutrients. 2022; 14(13):2771. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132771
Chicago/Turabian StyleDelgado-Floody, Pedro, Diego Soto-García, Felipe Caamaño-Navarrete, Bastián Carter-Thuillier, and Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán. 2022. "Negative Physical Self-Concept Is Associated to Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Negative Lifestyle and Poor Mental Health in Chilean Schoolchildren" Nutrients 14, no. 13: 2771. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14132771