Sarcopenia and Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Pathological Conditions That Should Be Linked Together
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Sarcopenia and Crohn’s Disease
2.1. Definition of Sarcopenia
2.2. The Assessment of Sarcopenia
2.3. Sarcopenia in Patients with CD
3. Vitamin D Deficiency and Crohn’s Disease
3.1. Definition of Vitamin D Deficiency
3.2. Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with CD
4. Vitamin D and Sarcopenia
4.1. Effects of Vitamin D on Skeletal Muscle Function
4.2. Vitamin D and Sarcopenia: Evidence from Other Patients
5. The Missing Step: The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Sarcopenia in Patients with CD
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Parameter | Test | Tool | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Skeletal Muscle Strength | GS | GST | Dynamometer | Simple and inexpensive. |
|
CST | None | Simple and inexpensive. |
| ||
Skeletal Muscle Quantity | SMM | ASMI | BIA; DXA |
|
|
SMM | MCSA | CT; MRI | The gold-standard methods. |
|
Authors | Year | n | Age (Years) | Variable | Test | Tool | Sarcopenia (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boparai [23] | 2021 | 44 | 34 ± 14.1 * | SMQ | MCSA | CT | 43 |
Celentano et al. [24] | 2020 | 31 | 46 (49–72) † | SMQ | MCSA | MRI | 38 |
Lee et al. [25] | 2020 | 79 | 29 ± 11.3 * | SMQ | MCSA | CT | 50 |
Grillot et al. [3] | 2020 | 88 | 35 ± 12.4 * | SMQ | MCSA | CT | 58 |
Thiberge et al. [26] | 2018 | 149 | 41 ± 17.5 * | SMQ | MCSA | CT | 33.6 |
Zhang T. et al. [27] | 2017 | 105 | − | SMQ | MCSA | CT | 59 |
Csontos et al. [28] | 2017 | 126 | 34 ± 11.5 * | SMQ | ASMI | BIA | 29.4 |
Holt et al. [29] | 2017 | 44 | 38 ± 14.2 * | SMQ | MCSA | CT MRI | 41 |
Bamba et al. [30] | 2017 | 43 | 29 (25–37) † | SMQ | MCSA | CT | 37 |
Cravo et al. [31] | 2017 | 71 | 43 | SMQ | MCSA | CT | 31 |
Bryant et al. [32] | 2015 | 95 | 31 (27–39) † | SMQ SMS | ASMI GST | BIA Dyn | 19 27 |
Zhang T. et al. [33] | 2015 | 114 | 32 ± 11.5 * | SMQ | MCSA | CT | 61.4 |
Schneider et al. [34] | 2008 | 82 | 36 ± 13.9 * | SMQ | ASMI | DXA | 60 |
Authors | Year | n | Age (Years) | 25(OH)D Cut-Off (ng/mL) | Vitamin D Deficiency (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Janssen et al. [40] | 2019 | 256 | 43 (18–85) † | <20 20–30 | 63% 24% |
Burrelli Scotti et al. [41] | 2019 | 33 78 | - | <20 | 39.6% 1 50% 2 |
Mentella et al. [42] | 2019 | 101 | 37.9 ± 16.64 * | <20 <30 | 38.6% 25.7% |
Frigstad et al. [43] | 2018 | 227 | 40 (18–77) † | <20 | 55% |
Torella et al. [44] | 2018 | 14 | - | <30 | 78.6% |
Lin et al. [45] | 2018 | 346 | - | <20 | 82.7% |
Alrefai et al. [46] | 2017 | 201 | 40 ± 15.2 * | <12 12–20 | 18% 26% |
Venkata et al. [47] | 2017 | 196 | − | <30 | 58.7% |
Pallav et al. [48] | 2017 | 129 | − | <20 | 40.3% |
da Silva Kotze et al. [49] | 2017 | 38 | 40 (16–73) † | <20 20–30 | 10.5% 65.8% |
Reich et al. [50] | 2016 | 28 | − | <30 | 53.6% |
Rebouças et al. [51] | 2016 | 75 | 41 ± 15.6 * | <30 | 62.7% |
Xia et al. [52] | 2016 | 124 | 27.6 ± 8.6 * | <20 | 67.8% |
De Castro et al. [53] | 2015 | 57 | 33 ± 9.8 * | <20 <30 | 33% 72% |
Raftery et al. [54] | 2015 | 119 | 45 ± 11.8 * | <20 | 36.1% |
de Bruyn et al. [55] | 2014 | 101 | 41 (30–50) † | <20 | 54% |
Dumitrescu et al. [56] | 2014 | 14 | 36 ± 9 * | <20 <30 | 36% 43% |
Hlavaty et al. [57] | 2014 | 124 97 | - - | <12 | 60% 1 74% 2 |
Veit et al. [58] | 2014 | 40 | 16.6 ± 2.2 * | <20 | 40% |
Salacinski et al. [59] | 2013 | 19 | 44 ± 10.3 * | <20 20–30 | 10.5% 37% |
Fu et al. [60] | 2012 | 40 | 40 ± 13.2 * | <20 | 42.5% |
Suibhne et al. [61] | 2012 | 81 | 36 ± 11 * | <20 | 63% |
Atia et al. [62] | 2011 | 43 | 61 ± 14.7 * | <20 <30 | 51.2% 83.7% |
Jørgensen et al. [63] | 2010 | 94 | - | <20 | 30.9% |
Kuwabara et al. [64] | 2009 | 29 | 32 ± 6.7 * | <20 | 100% |
Gilman et al. [65] | 2006 | 58 | 38 ± 10.9 * | <20 | 19% 1 50% 2 |
McCarthy et al. [66] | 2005 | 44 | 37 ± 11.1 * | <20 | 18.2% 1 50% 2 |
Tajika et al. [67] | 2004 | 33 | 38 ± 7.5 * | ≤10 | 27.3% |
Siffledeen et al. [68] | 2003 | 242 | - | <10 <16 | 8% 22% |
Jahnsen et al. [69] | 2002 | 60 | - | <12 | 27% |
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Palmese, F.; Del Toro, R.; Di Marzio, G.; Cataleta, P.; Sama, M.G.; Domenicali, M. Sarcopenia and Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Pathological Conditions That Should Be Linked Together. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1378. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041378
Palmese F, Del Toro R, Di Marzio G, Cataleta P, Sama MG, Domenicali M. Sarcopenia and Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Pathological Conditions That Should Be Linked Together. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4):1378. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041378
Chicago/Turabian StylePalmese, Francesco, Rossella Del Toro, Giulia Di Marzio, Pierluigi Cataleta, Maria Giulia Sama, and Marco Domenicali. 2021. "Sarcopenia and Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Pathological Conditions That Should Be Linked Together" Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1378. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041378
APA StylePalmese, F., Del Toro, R., Di Marzio, G., Cataleta, P., Sama, M. G., & Domenicali, M. (2021). Sarcopenia and Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Pathological Conditions That Should Be Linked Together. Nutrients, 13(4), 1378. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041378