Treatment with a Probiotic Mixture Containing Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. Lactis BB12 and Enterococcus faecium L3 for the Prevention of Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants and Design
- nasal obstruction (stuffy nose),
- rhinorrhea (runny nose),
- sneezing, and
- nasal itching.
2.2. Outcomes
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ALLERGEN | % |
---|---|
PARIETARIA | 0.85 |
DPT, DPF, GRASS POLLEN | 13.68 |
OLEA, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
DPT, DPF, PARIETARIA, GRASS POLLEN | 7.70 |
DPT, DPF, LOLIUM, GRASS POLLEN | 2.60 |
DPT, DPF | 17.95 |
DPT, DPF, PARIETARIA, OLEA, CYNODON, LOLIUM, GRASS POLLEN | 2.60 |
DPT, DPF, PARIETARIA, OLEA, GRASS POLLEN | 4.27 |
GRASS POLLEN | 5.13 |
LOLIUM | 1.71 |
DPT, LOLIUM, GRASS POLLEN | 3.42 |
DPT, DPF, ALTERNARIA | 1.71 |
DPT, DPF, PARIETARIA, LOLIUM, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
DPT, DPF, PARIETARIA, CYNODON, LOLIUM, GRASS POLLEN | 1.71 |
LOLIUM, GRASS POLLEN | 4.27 |
OLEA | 0.85 |
ALTERNARIA | 0.85 |
CYNODON, LOLIUM, GRASS POLLEN | 1.71 |
DPT, DPF, OLEA | 3.42 |
OLEA, GRASS POLLEN | 1.71 |
PARIETARIA, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
OLEA, LOLIUM, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
DPT | 0.85 |
CYNODON, LOLIUM | 1.71 |
ALTERNARIA, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
PARIETARIA, LOLIUM | 0.85 |
DPT, DPF, LOLIUM | 0.85 |
DPF, DPT, OLEA, GRASS POLLEN | 3.42 |
DPF, DPT, ALTERNARIA, GRASS POLLEN | 2.60 |
DPT, DPF, PARIETARIA | 1.71 |
DPT, DPF, PARIETARIA, ALTERNARIA | 0.85 |
DPT, DPF, OLEA, CYNODON, LOLIUM | 0.85 |
PARIETARIA, OLEA, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
PARIETARIA, OLEA, CYNODON, LOLIUM, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
PARIETARIA, OLEA, LOLIUM, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
OLEA, CYNODON, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
LOLIUM, ALTERNARIA, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
DPF, DPT, OLEA, ALTERNARIA, GRASS POLLEN | 2.60 |
DPT, DPF, CYNODON, LOLIUM, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
DPT, DPF, CYNODON, GRASS POLLEN | 0.85 |
Score | Clinical Significance | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | Absence of symptoms | |||||||
1 | Symptoms of mild severity | |||||||
2 | Symptoms of moderate severity | |||||||
3 | Symptoms of severe severity | |||||||
Score | NASAL SYMPTOM Severity (S)/Duration (D) | |||||||
Stuffy nose S D | Runny nose S D | Sneezing S D | Nasal Itching S D | |||||
0 | ||||||||
1 | ||||||||
2 | ||||||||
3 |
Before Treatment | After Treatment | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Intervention group (group A) | 14.07 | 5.43 | 2.2 × 1016 |
Placebo group(group B) | 14.51 | 13.60 | 0.52 |
Drugs | Before Treatment | After Treatment | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Antihistamines (oral) | 67 (57%) | 7 (6%) | <2.2 × 10−16 |
Corticosteroids (local) | 88 (75%) | 32 (27%) | 2.229 × 10−13 |
Both | 48 (41%) | 0 (0%) | 1.5 × 10−15 |
Drugs | Before Treatment | After Treatment | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Antihistamines (oral) | 66 (78%) | 74 (87%) | 0.16 |
Corticosteroids (local) | 71 (84%) | 51 (60%) | 8.2 × 10−04 |
Both | 54 (64%) | 40 (40%) | 0.04 |
Probiotic (n. 117) | Placebo (n. 86) | |
---|---|---|
Age (y) | 10.5 ± 3.1 | 8.8 ± 3.5 |
Sex (M/F) | 73/44 | 49/36 |
Rhinitis | 55 (47.0%) | 37 (43.02%) |
Asthma + Rhinitis | 50 (42.7%) | 39 (45.34%) |
Asthma + dermatitis | 1 (0.9%) | 1 (1.17%) |
Rhinitis + dermatitis | 6 (5.1%) | 6 (6.97%) |
Rhinitis + asthma + dermatitis | 5 (4.3%) | 3 (3.49%) |
SPT_DPT | 88 (75.2%) | 48 (62.3%) |
SPT_DPF | 86 (73.5%) | 47 (61.0%) |
SPT_Parietary | 29 (24.8%) | 10 (13%) |
SPT_Olea | 29 (24.8%) | 26 (33.8%) |
SPT_Cynodon | 15 (12.8%) | 14 (18.2%) |
SPT_Lolium | 26 (22.2%) | 18 (23.4%) |
SPT_Grass pollen | 76 (65.0%) | 38 (49.4%) |
SPT_Alternaria | 12 (10.0%) | 8 (10.4%) |
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Anania, C.; Di Marino, V.P.; Olivero, F.; De Canditiis, D.; Brindisi, G.; Iannilli, F.; De Castro, G.; Zicari, A.M.; Duse, M. Treatment with a Probiotic Mixture Containing Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. Lactis BB12 and Enterococcus faecium L3 for the Prevention of Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1315. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041315
Anania C, Di Marino VP, Olivero F, De Canditiis D, Brindisi G, Iannilli F, De Castro G, Zicari AM, Duse M. Treatment with a Probiotic Mixture Containing Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. Lactis BB12 and Enterococcus faecium L3 for the Prevention of Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4):1315. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041315
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnania, Caterina, Vincenza Patrizia Di Marino, Francesca Olivero, Daniela De Canditiis, Giulia Brindisi, Federico Iannilli, Giovanna De Castro, Anna Maria Zicari, and Marzia Duse. 2021. "Treatment with a Probiotic Mixture Containing Bifidobacterium animalis Subsp. Lactis BB12 and Enterococcus faecium L3 for the Prevention of Allergic Rhinitis Symptoms in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial" Nutrients 13, no. 4: 1315. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13041315