The Potential Effects of Probiotics and ω-3 Fatty Acids on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Modulating the Gastrointestinal Microbiota: The Effect of Environmental Exposure and Dietary Supplementation
3. Human Health and the Gut–Brain Axis
4. Microbiota and Immune Modulation by Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Ω-3 Fatty Acids
4.1. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation
4.2. Lactobacillus
4.3. Bifidobacterium
4.4. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in Combination
5. Fatty Acids and Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation
6. Synergism between ω-3 Fatty Acids and Probiotics
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Probiotics | ω-3 Fatty Acids | Probiotics + ω-3 Fatty Acids |
---|---|---|
Positive effects on epithelial barrier function | Normalize secretion of cytokines | Associated with positive metabolic outcomes during pregnancy |
May play a role in forming neuroactive compounds | Adipose-specific blunting of inflammation and decreased storage of ingested fat | Improved insulin sensitivity in overweight adults |
Lower LPS-dependent chronic low-grade inflammation | Increase LPS-suppressing bacteria and decrease LPS-producing bacteria | Reductions in liver fat and systemic inflammation in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease |
Reduce metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress biomarkers | Promote SCFA production | Improved quality of life and inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer patients |
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Hutchinson, A.N.; Tingö, L.; Brummer, R.J. The Potential Effects of Probiotics and ω-3 Fatty Acids on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2402. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082402
Hutchinson AN, Tingö L, Brummer RJ. The Potential Effects of Probiotics and ω-3 Fatty Acids on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation. Nutrients. 2020; 12(8):2402. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082402
Chicago/Turabian StyleHutchinson, Ashley N., Lina Tingö, and Robert Jan Brummer. 2020. "The Potential Effects of Probiotics and ω-3 Fatty Acids on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation" Nutrients 12, no. 8: 2402. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082402