The Impact of Isolation Measures Due to COVID-19 on Energy Intake and Physical Activity Levels in Australian University Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Participants
2.2. Diet and Physical Activity Questionnaires
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Study Participants
3.2. Dietary Intake from ASA 24-Hour Recall
3.3. Physical Activity Levels from the Active Australia Survey
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year 2018 | Year 2019 | Year 2020 | |
---|---|---|---|
Males | |||
Entered study (n) | 75 | 80 | 70 |
>27 years of age or unknown (n) | 1 | 2 | 4 |
No diet and physical activity data (n) | 3 | 1 | 0 |
Total included in study (n) | 71 | 77 | 66 |
Included for diet [n (%)] | 65 (91.5) | 63 (81.8) | 64 (97.0) |
Did not start/incomplete diet survey (n) | 4 | 12 | 2 |
Excluded diet data (n) | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Weekend: weekday diet recall [n (% weekend)] | 45:20 (69.2) | 27:36 (42.9) ** | 17:47 (26.6) **** |
Included for physical activity [n (%)] | 61 (85.9) | 73 (94.8) | 66 (100) |
Did not start/incomplete physical activity survey (n) | 2 | 2 | 0 |
Excluded physical activity data (n) | 8 | 2 | 0 |
Completed follow-up diet [n (% initial cohort)] | NA | NA | 10 (15.6) |
Completed follow-up physical activity [n (% initial cohort)] | NA | NA | 9 (13.6) |
Females | |||
Entered study (n) | 105 | 112 | 89 |
>27 years of age or unknown (n) | 2 | 2 | 5 |
No diet and physical activity data (n) | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Total included in study (n) | 103 | 108 | 84 |
Included for diet [n (%)] | 101 (98.1) | 96 (88.9) | 82 (97.6) |
Did not start/incomplete diet survey (n) | 2 | 10 | 2 |
Excluded diet data (n) | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Weekend: weekday diet recall [n (% weekend)] | 70:31 (69.3) | 28:68 (29.2) **** | 29:53 (35.4) **** |
Included for physical activity [n (%)] | 97 (94.2) | 104 (96.3) | 83 (98.8) |
Did not start/incomplete physical activity survey (n) | 1 | 2 | 1 |
Excluded physical activity data (n) | 5 | 2 | 0 |
Completed follow-up diet [n (% initial cohort)] | NA | NA | 15 (18.3) |
Completed follow-up physical activity [n (% initial cohort)] | NA | NA | 14 (16.9) |
Year 2018 | Year 2019 | Year 2020 | |
---|---|---|---|
Males | n = 71 | n = 77 | n = 66 |
Age [median (range), years] | 19 (19–25) | 20 (19–25) | 20 (19–27) *^ |
Ethnicity [n (%)] | |||
Asian | 23 (32.4%) | 18 (23.4%) | 25 (37.9%) |
Asian sub-continental | 4 (5.6%) | 7 (9.1%) | 6 (9.1%) |
Caucasian | 39 (54.9%) | 42 (54.5%) | 29 (43.9%) |
Multi | 2 (2.8%) | 1 (1.3%) | 4 (6.1%) |
Other/not disclosed | 3/0 (4.2%) | 5/4 (11.7%) | 2/0 (3.0%) |
Females | n = 103 | n = 108 | n = 84 |
Age [median (range), years] | 20 (19–26) | 20 (19–23) | 21 (19–26) *^ |
Ethnicity [n (%)] | |||
Asian | 29 (28.2%) | 28 (25.9%) | 27 (32.1%) |
Asian sub-continental | 3 (2.9%) | 10 (9.3%) | 8 (9.5%) |
Caucasian | 65 (63.1%) | 60 (55.6%) | 44 (52.4%) |
Multi | 3 (2.9%) | 6 (5.6%) | 2 (2.4%) |
Other/not disclosed | 3/0 (2.9%) | 3/1 (3.7%) | 2/1 (3.6%) |
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Gallo, L.A.; Gallo, T.F.; Young, S.L.; Moritz, K.M.; Akison, L.K. The Impact of Isolation Measures Due to COVID-19 on Energy Intake and Physical Activity Levels in Australian University Students. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061865
Gallo LA, Gallo TF, Young SL, Moritz KM, Akison LK. The Impact of Isolation Measures Due to COVID-19 on Energy Intake and Physical Activity Levels in Australian University Students. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6):1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061865
Chicago/Turabian StyleGallo, Linda A., Tania F. Gallo, Sophia L. Young, Karen M. Moritz, and Lisa K. Akison. 2020. "The Impact of Isolation Measures Due to COVID-19 on Energy Intake and Physical Activity Levels in Australian University Students" Nutrients 12, no. 6: 1865. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061865