Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1

Akbulut, Asim Cengiz; Pavlic, Angelina; Petsophonsakul, Ploingarm; Halder, Maurice; Maresz, Katarzyna; Kramann, Rafael; Schurgers, Leon

doi:10.3390/nu12061852

Open AccessReview

Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1

by

Asim Cengiz Akbulut

^1,†,

Angelina Pavlic

^1,†

,

Ploingarm Petsophonsakul

^1,†

,

Maurice Halder

^2,†

,

Katarzyna Maresz

³,

Rafael Kramann

² and

Leon Schurgers

^1,2,*

¹

Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands

²

Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany

³

International Science & Health Foundation, 30-134 Krakow, Poland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

These authors contributed equally to this work.

Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1852; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061852

Submission received: 25 May 2020 / Revised: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 / Published: 21 June 2020

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiology and Pathology of Vitamin K Intake)

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Abstract

Vitamin K and its essential role in coagulation (vitamin K [Koagulation]) have been well established and accepted the world over. Many countries have a Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) for vitamin K based on early research, and its necessary role in the activation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins is known. In the past few decades, the role of vitamin K-dependent proteins in processes beyond coagulation has been discovered. Various isoforms of vitamin K have been identified, and vitamin K2 specifically has been highlighted for its long half-life and extrahepatic activity, whereas the dietary form vitamin K1 has a shorter half-life. In this review, we highlight the specific activity of vitamin K2 based upon proposed frameworks necessary for a bioactive substance to be recommended for an RDI. Vitamin K2 meets all these criteria and should be considered for a specific dietary recommendation intake.

Keywords: vitamin K; vitamin K1; vitamin K2; RDI; menaquinone; vitamin K-dependent proteins

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MDPI and ACS Style

Akbulut, A.C.; Pavlic, A.; Petsophonsakul, P.; Halder, M.; Maresz, K.; Kramann, R.; Schurgers, L. Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061852

AMA Style

Akbulut AC, Pavlic A, Petsophonsakul P, Halder M, Maresz K, Kramann R, Schurgers L. Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6):1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061852

Chicago/Turabian Style

Akbulut, Asim Cengiz, Angelina Pavlic, Ploingarm Petsophonsakul, Maurice Halder, Katarzyna Maresz, Rafael Kramann, and Leon Schurgers. 2020. "Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1" Nutrients 12, no. 6: 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061852

APA Style

Akbulut, A. C., Pavlic, A., Petsophonsakul, P., Halder, M., Maresz, K., Kramann, R., & Schurgers, L. (2020). Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1. Nutrients, 12(6), 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061852

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

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Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1

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