Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1
1
Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
2
Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
3
International Science & Health Foundation, 30-134 Krakow, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Nutrients 2020, 12(6), 1852; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061852
Received: 25 May 2020 / Revised: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 June 2020 / Published: 21 June 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiology and Pathology of Vitamin K Intake)
Vitamin K and its essential role in coagulation (vitamin K [Koagulation]) have been well established and accepted the world over. Many countries have a Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) for vitamin K based on early research, and its necessary role in the activation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins is known. In the past few decades, the role of vitamin K-dependent proteins in processes beyond coagulation has been discovered. Various isoforms of vitamin K have been identified, and vitamin K2 specifically has been highlighted for its long half-life and extrahepatic activity, whereas the dietary form vitamin K1 has a shorter half-life. In this review, we highlight the specific activity of vitamin K2 based upon proposed frameworks necessary for a bioactive substance to be recommended for an RDI. Vitamin K2 meets all these criteria and should be considered for a specific dietary recommendation intake.
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Keywords:
vitamin K; vitamin K1; vitamin K2; RDI; menaquinone; vitamin K-dependent proteins
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MDPI and ACS Style
Akbulut, A.C.; Pavlic, A.; Petsophonsakul, P.; Halder, M.; Maresz, K.; Kramann, R.; Schurgers, L. Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061852
AMA Style
Akbulut AC, Pavlic A, Petsophonsakul P, Halder M, Maresz K, Kramann R, Schurgers L. Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6):1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061852
Chicago/Turabian StyleAkbulut, Asim C.; Pavlic, Angelina; Petsophonsakul, Ploingarm; Halder, Maurice; Maresz, Katarzyna; Kramann, Rafael; Schurgers, Leon. 2020. "Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1" Nutrients 12, no. 6: 1852. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061852
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