The Effect of Parenteral or Oral Iron Supplementation on Fatigue, Sleep, Quality of Life and Restless Legs Syndrome in Iron-Deficient Blood Donors: A Secondary Analysis of the IronWoMan RCT
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Donor Characteristics
2.2. Study Design
- -
- Symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS);
- -
- Symptoms of the chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS);
- -
- Sleeping behaviour;
- -
- Subjective physical, psychological health and quality of life (QOL);
- -
- Trophic changes in fingernails or hair;
- -
- Symptoms of pica.
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Outcomes
3.1.1. Restless Legs Syndrome
3.1.2. Fatigue
3.1.3. Quality of Sleep
3.1.4. Different Symptoms
3.1.5. Further Results–Type of Iron Treatment and Ferritin Levels at Visit 1
4. Discussion
4.1. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
4.2. Fatigue
4.3. Quality of Sleep
4.4. Other Symptoms
4.5. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Donor | Women | Men | Total |
---|---|---|---|
Whole blood | 126 | 31 | 157 |
Platelet (apheresis) | 12 | 7 | 19 |
Study Group | |||
IV | 69 | 17 | 86 |
PO | 69 | 21 | 90 |
Sum | 138 | 38 | 176 |
Donor Characteristics | |||
Age, mean (SD), years | 36 (13) | 46 (13) | |
Weight, mean (SD), kg | 69 (11) | 82 (16) | |
Body mass index, mean (SD) | 24 (4) | 26 (4) | |
Total calculated blood volume, mean (SD), liters | 4.0 (0.3) | 5.3 (0.6) |
N | V0 | V1 | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Restless Legs Syndrome | Diagnosis | 134 | 31 (23.1%) | 23 (17.2%) | - |
Severity | 4 (3–6) | 2 (1–5) | <0.001 | ||
Fatigue | General | 169 | 6 (3–10) | 3 (0–6) | <0.001 |
Physical | 2 (0–4) | 1 (0–2) | <0.001 | ||
Emotional | 4 (1–7) | 3 (1–5) | <0.001 | ||
Mental | 3 (1–6) | 3 (1–5) | <0.001 | ||
Vigor | 15 (13–18) | 17 (14–19) | <0.001 | ||
Overall | 0 (−10–13) | −7 (−14–3) | <0.001 | ||
Quality of Sleep | Difficulty falling asleep | 160 | 5 (5–6) | 5 (5–6) | 0.004 |
Waking up several times | 5 (4–5) | 5 (5–6) | <0.001 | ||
Difficulty staying asleep | 5 (3–6) | 5 (4–6) | 0.002 | ||
Waking up tired | 4 (3–6) | 5 (4–6) | <0.001 | ||
Different Symptoms | Brittle Nails | 162 | 63 (38.9%) | 60 (37%) | 0.678 |
Hair loss | 40 (24.7 %) | 32 (19.8%) | 0.096 | ||
Headache | 53 (32.5%) | 38 (23.3%) | 0.02 | ||
Dyspnea | 58 (36.0%) | 40 (24.8%) | 0.005 | ||
Dizziness | 57 (35.4%) | 34 (21.1%) | <0.001 | ||
Painful or plain tongue | 4 (2.4%) | 2 (1.2%) | 0.687 | ||
Pica | 11 (6.8%) | 5 (3.1%) | 0.109 | ||
Quality of Life | 171 | 4 (4–5) | 4 (4–5) | - |
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Macher, S.; Herster, C.; Holter, M.; Moritz, M.; Matzhold, E.M.; Stojakovic, T.; Pieber, T.R.; Schlenke, P.; Drexler, C.; Amrein, K. The Effect of Parenteral or Oral Iron Supplementation on Fatigue, Sleep, Quality of Life and Restless Legs Syndrome in Iron-Deficient Blood Donors: A Secondary Analysis of the IronWoMan RCT. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051313
Macher S, Herster C, Holter M, Moritz M, Matzhold EM, Stojakovic T, Pieber TR, Schlenke P, Drexler C, Amrein K. The Effect of Parenteral or Oral Iron Supplementation on Fatigue, Sleep, Quality of Life and Restless Legs Syndrome in Iron-Deficient Blood Donors: A Secondary Analysis of the IronWoMan RCT. Nutrients. 2020; 12(5):1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051313
Chicago/Turabian StyleMacher, Susanne, Cornelia Herster, Magdalena Holter, Martina Moritz, Eva Maria Matzhold, Tatjana Stojakovic, Thomas R. Pieber, Peter Schlenke, Camilla Drexler, and Karin Amrein. 2020. "The Effect of Parenteral or Oral Iron Supplementation on Fatigue, Sleep, Quality of Life and Restless Legs Syndrome in Iron-Deficient Blood Donors: A Secondary Analysis of the IronWoMan RCT" Nutrients 12, no. 5: 1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051313
APA StyleMacher, S., Herster, C., Holter, M., Moritz, M., Matzhold, E. M., Stojakovic, T., Pieber, T. R., Schlenke, P., Drexler, C., & Amrein, K. (2020). The Effect of Parenteral or Oral Iron Supplementation on Fatigue, Sleep, Quality of Life and Restless Legs Syndrome in Iron-Deficient Blood Donors: A Secondary Analysis of the IronWoMan RCT. Nutrients, 12(5), 1313. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051313