Obesity and Risk of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Large-Scale Health Check-Up Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Design
2.2. Assessment of Obesity and MHO
2.3. Assessment of EGD for PUD
2.4. Assessment of Covariates
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
Baseline Characteristics
4. Cumulative Incidence of PUD among Subjects
5. Association between Obesity and PUD
6. Association between Metabolic Health, Obesity, and PUD
7. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All | Non-Obese (n = 22,323) | Obese (n = 10,149) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 50.2 ± 8.0 | 50.0 ± 8.0 | 50.8 ± 7.9 | <0.001 |
Sex (male, %) | 55.7 | 45.9 | 77.2 | <0.001 |
Systolic BP (mmHg) | 117.1 ± 15.7 | 114.8 ± 15.4 | 122.1 ± 15.0 | <0.001 |
Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.2 ± 11.2 | 71.5 ± 11.0 | 76.9 ± 10.6 | <0.001 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 82.8 ± 9.1 | 78.8 ± 7.2 | 91.4 ± 6.7 | <0.001 |
Current smoker (%) | 20.8 | 17.2 | 28.8 | <0.001 |
Heavy drinker (%) | 26.0 | 21.3 | 36.4 | <0.001 |
Regular exercise (%) | 45.4 | 45.1 | 46.1 | <0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 17.9 | 13.0 | 28.6 | <0.001 |
Diabetes (%) | 6.7 | 5.5 | 9.2 | <0.001 |
Total cholesterol | 196.5 ± 33.9 | 195.1 ± 33.4 | 199.7 ± 35.0 | <0.001 |
LDL-cholesterol | 125.2 ± 30.3 | 122.9 ± 30.0 | 130.2 ± 30.5 | <0.001 |
HDL-cholesterol | 56.8 ± 15.0 | 59.8 ± 15.3 | 50.3 ± 12.1 | <0.001 |
Triglycerides | 122.6 ± 78.4 | 108.4 ± 66.0 | 154.0 ± 93.0 | <0.001 |
Fasting blood glucose | 94.7 ± 17.6 | 92.5 ± 15.9 | 99.4 ± 20.1 | <0.001 |
Insulin | 7.7 ± 4.4 | 6.8 ± 3.6 | 9.8 ± 5.1 | <0.001 |
HOMA-IR | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 2.2 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
hsCRP | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.1 ± 0.3 | 0.2 ± 0.4 | <0.001 |
PUD | 6.0 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 0.001 |
GU | 3.3 | 3.0 | 4.0 | <0.001 |
DU | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 0.596 |
Helicobacter pylori status (%, in 1671 subjects) | 41.9 | 42.9 | 40.1 | 0.281 |
Cases/n (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | ||
PUD | 0.853 | 0.511 | 0.922 | 0.610 | |||||
Non-Obese | 1270 (5.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Obese | 670 (6.6) | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 0.96 (0.86–1.08) | 1.01 (0.86–1.19) | 0.96 (0.80–1.14) | ||||
GU | 0.071 | 0.355 | 0.299 | 0.789 | |||||
Non-Obese | 664 (3.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Obese | 403 (4.0) | 1.12 (0.99–1.28) | 1.08 (0.92–1.25) | 1.12 (0.91–1.38) | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | ||||
DU | 0.011 | 0.020 | 0.280 | 0.199 | |||||
Non-Obese | 664 (3.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Obese | 291 (2.9) | 0.83 (0.72–0.96) | 0.83 (0.69–1.00) | 0.87 (0.68–1.12) | 0.83 (0.63–1.10) |
Cases/n (%) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | p Value | ||
PUD | |||||||||
metabolically healthy, non-obese | 922 (5.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
metabolically unhealthy, non-obese | 348 (6.5) | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | 0.777 | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | 0.752 | 1.02 (0.80–1.28) | 0.895 | 0.90 (0.69–1.18) | 0.443 |
metabolically healthy, obese | 302 (6.7) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.983 | 0.95 (0.81–1.11) | 0.519 | 1.04 (0.83–1.30) | 0.764 | 0.83 (0.65–1.06) | 0.26 |
metabolically unhealthy, obese | 368 (6.6) | 0.93 (0.99–0.88) | 0.93 | 0.96 (0.82–1.12) | 0.594 | 0.99 (0.77–1.28) | 0.949 | 1.00 (0.76–1.32) | 0.99 |
GU | |||||||||
metabolically healthy, non-obese | 470 (2.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
metabolically unhealthy, non-obese | 194 (3.6) | 1.05 (0.89–1.25) | 0.566 | 1.03 (0.84–1.25) | 0.803 | 1.06 (0.78–1.44) | 0.715 | 0.86 (0.62–1.20) | 0.365 |
metabolically healthy, obese | 168 (3.7) | 1.06 (0.89–1.27) | 0.501 | 1.01 (0.81–1.25) | 0.95 | 1.09 (0.81–1.47) | 0.523 | 0.89 (0.65–1.21) | 0.447 |
metabolically unhealthy, obese | 235 (4.2) | 1.21 (1.03–1.42) | 0.023 | 1.15 (0.95–1.40) | 0.165 | 1.20 (0.87–1.66) | 0.264 | 1.04 (0.74–1.46) | 0.825 |
DU | |||||||||
metabolically healthy, non-obese | 495 (2.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
metabolically unhealthy, non-obese | 169 (3.1) | 1.07 (0.90–1.28) | 0.816 | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) | 0.384 | 0.91 (0.64–1.29) | 0.583 | 0.80 (0.53–1.22) | 0.295 |
metabolically healthy, obese | 142 (3.1) | 1.03 (0.86–1.25) | 0.249 | 0.85 (0.67–1.07) | 0.164 | 0.95 (0.69–1.32) | 0.771 | 0.83 (0.56–1.21) | 0.324 |
metabolically unhealthy, obese | 149 (2.7) | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | 0.007 | 0.74 (0.59–0.94) | 0.012 | 0.73 (0.50–1.07) | 0.109 | 0.69 (0.45–1.08) | 0.102 |
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Pyo, J.H.; Lee, H.; Kim, J.E.; Choi, Y.H.; Kim, T.J.; Min, Y.W.; Min, B.H.; Lee, J.H.; Rhee, P.L.; Yoo, H.; et al. Obesity and Risk of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Large-Scale Health Check-Up Cohort Study. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1288. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061288
Pyo JH, Lee H, Kim JE, Choi YH, Kim TJ, Min YW, Min BH, Lee JH, Rhee PL, Yoo H, et al. Obesity and Risk of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Large-Scale Health Check-Up Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2019; 11(6):1288. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061288
Chicago/Turabian StylePyo, Jeung Hui, Hyuk Lee, Jee Eun Kim, Yoon Ho Choi, Tae Jun Kim, Yang Won Min, Byung Hoon Min, Jun Haeng Lee, Poong Lyul Rhee, Heejin Yoo, and et al. 2019. "Obesity and Risk of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Large-Scale Health Check-Up Cohort Study" Nutrients 11, no. 6: 1288. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061288
APA StylePyo, J. H., Lee, H., Kim, J. E., Choi, Y. H., Kim, T. J., Min, Y. W., Min, B. H., Lee, J. H., Rhee, P. L., Yoo, H., Kim, K., & Kim, J. J. (2019). Obesity and Risk of Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Large-Scale Health Check-Up Cohort Study. Nutrients, 11(6), 1288. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11061288