Metabolic Syndrome Features: Is There a Modulation Role by Mineral Water Consumption? A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Metabolic Syndrome Features Modulation by Mineral Water Consumption—Blood Pressure
3.2. Metabolic Syndrome Features Modulation by Mineral Water Consumption—Lipid Profile
3.3. Metabolic Syndrome Features Modulation by Mineral Water Consumption—Glucose
3.4. Metabolic Syndrome Features Modulation by Mineral Water Consumption—Waist Circumference
4. Discussion
4.1. Metabolic Syndrome Features—Blood Pressure
Metabolic Syndrome Features Modulation by Mineral Water Consumption—Blood Pressure
4.2. Metabolic Syndrome Features—Lipid Profile
Metabolic Syndrome Features Modulation by Mineral Water Consumption—Lipid Profile
4.3. Metabolic Syndrome Features—Glucose
Metabolic Syndrome Features Modulation by Mineral Water Consumption—Glucose
4.4. Metabolic Syndrome Features—Waist Circumference
Metabolic Syndrome Features Modulation by Mineral Water Consumption—Waist Circumference
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ref | Population and Study Type; Water Classification | Aim and Intervention | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Studies in animal models. | |||
[57] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich and sodium-rich. | |||
Studies in humans. | |||
[61] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich, chloride-rich and fluorurate. | |||
[58] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich and chloride-rich. | |||
[66] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich and chloride-rich. | |||
[63] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich and chloride-rich. | |||
[56] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich and magnesiac. | |||
[64] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich and sodium-rich. | |||
[62] |
|
|
|
⊗ a Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich, chloride-rich and sulphate-rich. ⊗ b Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich and magnesiac. | |||
[65] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich, chloride-rich, sulphate-rich and magnesiac. | |||
[59] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, sulphate-rich, calcic and magnesiac. | |||
[60] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as magnesiac. | |||
[49] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as magnesiac. |
Ref | Population and Study Type; Water Classification | Aim and Intervention | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Studies in animal models. | |||
[57] |
|
|
|
[70] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich, chloride-rich, sulphate-rich, sulphurous, calcic, magnesiac and fluorurate. | |||
Studies in humans. | |||
[61] |
|
|
|
[58] |
|
|
|
[66] |
|
|
|
[63] |
|
|
|
[62] |
|
|
|
[65] |
|
|
|
[71] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich, sulphate-rich, magnesiac and calcic. | |||
[69] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich and chloride-rich. | |||
[72] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich and calcic. | |||
[68] |
|
|
|
⊗ Both waters classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich, chloride-rich and fluorurate. | |||
[73] |
|
|
|
⊗ Water classified as mineral-rich, sulphate-rich, bicarbonate-rich, magnesiac, calcic and fluorurate. |
Ref | Population and Study Type; Water Classification | Aim and Intervention | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Studies in animal models. | |||
[57] |
|
|
|
[74] |
|
|
|
⊗ Mineral-rich water, chloride-rich, sodium-rich, sulphate-rich, sulphurous, calcic and fluorurate. | |||
Studies in humans. | |||
[61] |
|
|
|
[58] |
|
|
|
[66] |
|
|
|
[63] |
|
|
|
[62] |
|
|
|
[71] |
|
|
|
[69] |
|
|
|
[75] |
|
|
|
⊗ Both waters classified as mineral-rich, bicarbonate-rich, sodium-rich, chloride-rich and fluorurate. |
Ref | Population and Study Type | Aim and Intervention | Results |
---|---|---|---|
Studies in animal models. | |||
[57] |
|
|
|
[70] |
|
|
|
[74] |
|
|
|
Studies in humans. | |||
[61] |
|
|
|
[58] |
|
|
|
[63] |
|
|
|
[56] |
|
|
|
[64] |
|
|
|
[73] |
|
|
|
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Costa-Vieira, D.; Monteiro, R.; Martins, M.J. Metabolic Syndrome Features: Is There a Modulation Role by Mineral Water Consumption? A Review. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051141
Costa-Vieira D, Monteiro R, Martins MJ. Metabolic Syndrome Features: Is There a Modulation Role by Mineral Water Consumption? A Review. Nutrients. 2019; 11(5):1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051141
Chicago/Turabian StyleCosta-Vieira, Daniela, Rosário Monteiro, and Maria João Martins. 2019. "Metabolic Syndrome Features: Is There a Modulation Role by Mineral Water Consumption? A Review" Nutrients 11, no. 5: 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051141