Impaired Glucose Tolerance is Associated with Enhanced Platelet-Monocyte Aggregation in Short-Term High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Blood Collection for Haematology Characteristics and Flow Cytometry Analysis
2.3. Instrument Set-Up and Optimization
2.4. Measurement of Baseline PMA Levels
2.5. Measurement of PMA Post-Stimulation with ADP
2.6. The Gating Strategy for the Enumeration of PMAs
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Impact of HFD on Baseline Metabolic Parameters and Glucose Tolerance
3.2. The Impact of HFD on Platelet-Monocyte Aggregates
3.3. The Impact of HFD on the Modulation of PMAs Post-Stimulation with ADP
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ingredients | Low-fat Diet (Control) a | High-fat Diet b |
---|---|---|
Casein, 30 mesh | 200.00 | 200.00 |
L-Cystine | 3.00 | 3.00 |
Corn starch | 506.20 | - |
Lodex 10 | 125.00 | 125.00 |
Sucrose | 72.80 | 72.80 |
Solka Floc, FCC200 (Fiber) | 50.00 | 50.00 |
Soybean Oil | 25.00 | 25.00 |
Lard | 20.00 | 245.00 |
Mineral mix S10026B | 50.00 | 50.00 |
Choline Bitartrate | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Vitamin mix V10001C | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Dye, Yellow FD&C #5, Alum. Lake 35–42% | 0.04 | - |
Dye, Blue FD&C #1, Alum. Lake 35–42% | 0.01 | 0.05 |
Parameter | Control (n = 8) | High-fat Diet (n = 8) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Weight gain (g) | 25.0 ± 2.5 | 26.0 ± 1.9 | 0.43 |
Glucose levels (mmol/L) | 6.1 (5.4–6.9) | 8.7 (8.5–9.2) | 0.008 |
AUC mmol/L × 120 min | 636.0 (559.9–702.0) | 765.0 (715.5–784.5) | 0.032 |
Insulin levels (µIU/mL) | 4.5 (4.4–4.6) | 4.8 (4.6–8.1) | 0.026 |
White cell count (103/µL) | 5.35 (3.68–9.00) | 7.50 (4.80–8.40) | 0.4699 |
Red blood cell count (106/µL) | 7.17 (7.04–7.69) | 6.910 (5.53–7.17) | 0.0178 |
Haemoglobin (g/dL) | 25.85 (20.00–29.23) | 22.40 (16.75–25.00) | 0.6683 |
Haematocrit (%) | 31.10 (30.05–33.30) | 29.00 (23.00–31.40) | 0.0433 |
Mean cell volume (fL) | 43.00 (43.00–43.75) | 42.00 (41.00–44.00) | 0.0025 |
Platelet count (103/µL) | 782.9 ± 206.4 | 697.2 ± 151.1 | 0.5789 |
Mean platelet volume (fL) | 5.30 (5.03–5.50) | 5.20 (5.10–5.40) | 0.6957 |
Neutrophil count (%) | 7.75 (7.00–9.48) | 8.000 (6.90–9.30) | 0.9640 |
Lymphocyte count (%) | 89.85 (88.15–90.73) | 89.20 (87.80–90.50) | 0.5271 |
Monocyte count (%) | 1.96 ± 0.24 | 2.05 ± 0.56 | 0.6840 |
Basophil (%) | 0.25 (0.13–0.50) | 0.2000 (0.10–0.80) | 0.7997 |
%CD14 | 31.05 (30.74–31.61) | 31.13 (29.65–35.78) | 0.4695 |
CD14 MFI | 5.325 (5.14–5.45) | 5.59 (5.32–5.79) | 0.0350 |
%CD41 | 7.06 (5.81–8.06) | 5.82 (4.43–6.83) | 0.2757 |
CD41 MFI | 6.36 (6.04–7.52) | 6.12 (5.81–6.74) | 0.7892 |
Control diet | Unstimulated (n = 3) | Post-ADP (n = 3) | p-value |
%CD14 | 63.16 (61.10–63.80) | 17.99 (8.46–20.31) | 0.0074 |
CD14 MFI | 6.13 (5.98–6.55) | 18.00 (12.53–64.61) | 0.2596 |
%CD41 | 12.55 (12.49–16.34) | 25.97 (20.02–33.22) | 0.0438 |
CD41 MFI | 25.84 (22.45–31.69) | 34.22 (24.06–41.80) | 0.2854 |
High-fat diet | Unstimulated (n = 8) | Post-ADP (n = 7) | p-value |
%CD14 | 13.52 (4.590–16.08) | 14.37 (8.430–18.98) | 0.0405 |
CD14 MFI | 16.53 (11.28–45.47) | 20.32 (14.66–73.78) | 0.3125 |
%CD41 | 29.96 ± 11.40 | 28.94 ± 10.79 | 0.4375 |
CD41 MFI | 67.22 ± 28.19 | 40.08 ± 14.95 | 0.0938 |
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Mkandla, Z.; Mutize, T.; Dludla, P.V.; Nkambule, B.B. Impaired Glucose Tolerance is Associated with Enhanced Platelet-Monocyte Aggregation in Short-Term High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2019, 11, 2695. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112695
Mkandla Z, Mutize T, Dludla PV, Nkambule BB. Impaired Glucose Tolerance is Associated with Enhanced Platelet-Monocyte Aggregation in Short-Term High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2695. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112695
Chicago/Turabian StyleMkandla, Zibusiso, Tinashe Mutize, Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla, and Bongani B. Nkambule. 2019. "Impaired Glucose Tolerance is Associated with Enhanced Platelet-Monocyte Aggregation in Short-Term High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice" Nutrients 11, no. 11: 2695. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112695