The Association of Dietary Patterns with High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italy
by
Martina Barchitta 1, Andrea Maugeri 1, Annalisa Quattrocchi 1, Ottavia Agrifoglio 1
, Aurora Scalisi 2 and Antonella Agodi 1,*
Martina Barchitta 1, Andrea Maugeri 1, Annalisa Quattrocchi 1, Ottavia Agrifoglio 1, Aurora Scalisi 2 and Antonella Agodi 1,*
1
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, via S. Sofia, 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
2
Unità Operativa di Screening Ginecologico, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, 95126 Catania, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2018, 10(4), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040469
Received: 14 March 2018 / Revised: 27 March 2018 / Accepted: 9 April 2018 / Published: 11 April 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Quality and Health Outcomes)
Specific foods and nutrients help prevent the progression of persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection to cervical cancer (CC). The aim of this study was to investigate dietary patterns which may be associated with hrHPV status and the risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+). Overall, 539 eligible women, including 127 with CIN2+, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study, and tested for hrHPV infection. Food intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were applied. Using the Mediterranean Diet Score, we demonstrated that, among 252 women with a normal cervical epithelium, medium adherence to the Mediterranean diet decreased the odds of hrHPV infection when compared to low adherence (adjOR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.22–0.73). Using the principal component analysis, we also identified two dietary patterns which explained 14.31% of the variance in food groups intake. Women in the third and fourth quartiles of the “Western pattern” had higher odds of hrHPV infection when compared with first quartile (adjOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.04–3.54 and adjOR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.14–4.18, respectively). Adjusting for hrHPV status and age, women in the third quartile of the “prudent pattern” had lower odds of CIN2+ when compared with those in the first quartile (OR = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.26–0.98). Our study is the first to demonstrate the association of dietary patterns with hrHPV infection and CC and discourages unhealthy habits in favour of a Mediterranean-like diet.
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Keywords:
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; Mediterranean diet score; principal component analysis; Western diet; prudent diet
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MDPI and ACS Style
Barchitta, M.; Maugeri, A.; Quattrocchi, A.; Agrifoglio, O.; Scalisi, A.; Agodi, A. The Association of Dietary Patterns with High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and Cervical Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italy. Nutrients 2018, 10, 469.
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