Commencing Nutrient Supplements before Full Enteral Feed Volume Achievement Is Beneficial for Moderately Preterm to Late Preterm Low Birth Weight Babies: A Prospective, Observational Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overview
2.2. Participation
2.3. Outcomes and Feeding Intolerance
2.4. Feeding Protocol
2.5. Data Collection and Calculation Assumptions
2.6. Statistical Methods
3. Results
3.1. Study Population and Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Anthropometric Findings
3.3. Nutrition and Feeding Outcomes
3.4. Blood Urea as a Marker of Protein Intake Adequacy
3.5. Clinical Outcomes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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F80 (n = 45) | F160 (n = 42) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Birth Weight (g) ± sd | 2028 ± 235 | 2032 ± 297 | 0.95 |
Birth Weight Z-score ± sd | −0.737 ± 0.91 | −0.578 ± 0.97 | 0.43 |
Birth Gestation (weeks) ± sd | 34.4 ± 2.1 | 34.2 ± 1.6 | 0.74 |
Discharge Weight (g) ± sd | 2312 ± 255 | 2300 ± 263 | 0.83 |
SGA | 19 (42%) | 11 (26%) | 0.12 |
Males | 26 (52%) | 20 (48%) | 0.34 |
Maternal GDM | 9 (20%) | 13 (31%) | 0.24 |
Caesarean Birth | 29 (64%) | 18 (43%) | 0.07 |
F80 (n = 45) | F160 (n = 42) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Maximum Weight Loss (g) ± sd | 108 ± 69 | 124 ± 59 | 0.95 |
Weight Loss as % Birth Weight | 5.3% | 6.1% | |
Weight Loss Δ Z-score ± sd | −0.531 ± 0.28 | −0.639 ± 0.25 | 0.08 |
Days to Regain Birth Weight ± sd | 7.5 ± 3.2 | 9.4 ± 2.8 | <0.01 |
Weight Gain Velocity (g/kg/day) | 7.3 ± 5.5 | 7.0 ± 4.2 | 0.76 |
Weight Gain: Δ Z-Score at 10 Days ± sd | −0.661 ± 0.18 | −0.762 ± 0.22 | 0.03 |
Weight Gain: Δ Z-Score at Discharge ± sd | −0.620 ± 0.27 | −0.765 ± 0.23 | 0.02 |
F80 | F160 | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
TP Intake daily 1st 10 days (g/kg/day) ± sd | 3.38 ± 0.26 | 2.74 ± 0.53 | <0.0001 * |
TP Intake daily 1st 10 days—Variance | 0.07 | 0.28 | <0.0001 ** |
TP Intake daily 1st 10 days <3 g/day | 8% | 65% | <0.0001 *** |
TP Intake daily per LOS (g/kg/day) ± sd | 3.69 ± 0.46 | 3.44 ± 0.52 | 0.0245 * |
TP Intake daily per LOS—Variance | 0.21 | 0.27 | 0.2280 ** |
TP Intake daily per LOS <3 g/day | 11% | 17% | 0.6629 *** |
Fortifier commencement day ± sd | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | <0.0001 * |
Length of fortification (days) ± sd | 15.2 ± 6.1 | 12.2 ± 6.5 | 0.0273 * |
Number babies fed fortified EBM | 42 (93%) | 38 (91%) | 0.9242 *** |
F80 days to reach 160 mL/kg ± sd | 6.8 ± 1.2 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 0.8288 * |
F80 | F160 | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Urea 1st week (raw data) ± sd | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 3.6 ± 1.9 | 0.2087 * |
Urea 1st week (corrected) ± sd | 3.6 ± 2.0 | 3.15 ± 2.0 | 0.3642 * |
Urea (corrected) 1st week <1.6 | 9.7% | 31.3% | 0.0344 ** |
F80 (n = 45) | F160 (n = 42) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Feeding intolerance Jaundice requiring phototherapy | 11 (24.4%) 12 (26.7%) | 20 (47.6%) 18 (42.9%) | 0.0276 * 0.1124 * |
Presumed sepsis | 17 (40.0%) | 17 (40.5%) | 0.9639 * |
Hypoglycaemia | 3 (6.7%) | 4 (9.5%) | 0.6244 * |
NEC | 0 | 0 | 1.0 |
ALP at 7 days ± sd | 256.7 ± 86.9 | 229.4 ± 80.5 | 0.1659 ** |
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Fan, W.Q.; Gan, A.; Crane, O. Commencing Nutrient Supplements before Full Enteral Feed Volume Achievement Is Beneficial for Moderately Preterm to Late Preterm Low Birth Weight Babies: A Prospective, Observational Study. Nutrients 2018, 10, 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101340
Fan WQ, Gan A, Crane O. Commencing Nutrient Supplements before Full Enteral Feed Volume Achievement Is Beneficial for Moderately Preterm to Late Preterm Low Birth Weight Babies: A Prospective, Observational Study. Nutrients. 2018; 10(10):1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101340
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan, Wei Qi, Amy Gan, and Olivia Crane. 2018. "Commencing Nutrient Supplements before Full Enteral Feed Volume Achievement Is Beneficial for Moderately Preterm to Late Preterm Low Birth Weight Babies: A Prospective, Observational Study" Nutrients 10, no. 10: 1340. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101340