Land-Air Interactions over Urban-Rural Transects Using Satellite Observations: Analysis over Delhi, India from 1991–2016
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School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
2
Department of Agronomy, and Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2017, 9(12), 1283; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121283
Received: 28 September 2017
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Revised: 23 November 2017
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Accepted: 7 December 2017
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Published: 20 December 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Land-Atmosphere Interactions)
Over the past four decades Delhi, India, has witnessed rapid urbanization and change in land use land cover (LULC) pattern, with most of the cultivable areas and wasteland being converted into built-up areas. Presently around 40% land is under built-up area, a drastic rise of 30% from 1977. The effect of changing LULC, at a local scale, on various variables-land surface temperature (LST), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), emissivity, albedo, evaporation, Bowen ratio, and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, from 1991–2016, is investigated. To assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of land-air interactions, we select two different 100 km transects covering the NE-SW and NW-SE expanse of Delhi and its adjoining areas. High NDVI and emissivity is found for regions with green cover and drastic reduction is noted in built-up area clusters. In both of the transects, land surface variations manifest itself in patterns of LST variation. Parametric and non-parametric correlations are able to statistically establish the land-air interactions in the city. NDVI, an indirect indicator for LULC classes, significantly helps in understanding the modifications in LST and ultimately air temperature. Significant, strong positive relationships exist between skin temperature and evaporation, skin temperature and PBL height, and PBL height and evaporation, providing insights into the meteorological changes that are associated with urbanization.
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Keywords:
LULC; LST; transect; land-air interactions; remote sensing; correlation
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MDPI and ACS Style
Jain, M.; Dimri, A.P.; Niyogi, D. Land-Air Interactions over Urban-Rural Transects Using Satellite Observations: Analysis over Delhi, India from 1991–2016. Remote Sens. 2017, 9, 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121283
AMA Style
Jain M, Dimri AP, Niyogi D. Land-Air Interactions over Urban-Rural Transects Using Satellite Observations: Analysis over Delhi, India from 1991–2016. Remote Sensing. 2017; 9(12):1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121283
Chicago/Turabian StyleJain, Madhavi, A. P. Dimri, and Dev Niyogi. 2017. "Land-Air Interactions over Urban-Rural Transects Using Satellite Observations: Analysis over Delhi, India from 1991–2016" Remote Sensing 9, no. 12: 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121283
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