Four National Maps of Broad Forest Type Provide Inconsistent Answers to the Question of What Burns in Canada
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Burned Area Data
2.2. Land Cover Data
2.2.1. EOSD Land Cover
2.2.2. Medium-Resolution Land Cover Mapping of Canada from SPOT 4/5 Data
2.2.3. Canada’s MODIS Land Cover Time Series (LCTS)
2.2.4. Attributes of Canada’s Forests through k-NN and MODIS
2.3. Data Conditioning
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Map (Year) | Land Cover Class | Non-Forest | Needle-Leaf Forest | Broadleaf Forest | Mixed Forest |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
EOSD (c. 2000) | Areas with <10% tree cover (includes water) | ≥10% tree cover, and ≥75% of basal area belongs to needle-leaf trees | ≥10% tree cover, and ≥75% of basal area belongs to broadleaf trees | ≥10% tree cover, and neither needle-leaf nor broadleaf exceed 75% of basal area | |
SPOT (2005–2010) | Areas with <15% tree cover (includes water) | ≥15% overall tree cover and ≤2.5% of broadleaf tree cover | ≥15% overall tree cover and ≤2.5% of needle-leaf tree cover | ≥15% overall tree cover and >2.5% of both needle-leaf and broadleaf tree cover | |
LCTS (2010) | Areas with <20% tree cover (includes water) | ≥20% tree cover, at least 75% of which belongs to needle-leaf trees | ≥20% tree cover, at least 75% of which belongs to broadleaf trees | ≥20% tree cover and neither needle-leaf nor broadleaf exceed 75% of tree cover | |
k-NN (2001) | Areas with <10% tree cover (includes water) | ≥10% tree cover, at least 75% of which belongs to live needle-leaf plants | ≥10% tree cover, at least 75% of which belongs to live broadleaf plants | ≥10% tree cover and neither needle-leaf nor broadleaf exceed 75% of tree cover |
SPOT | EOSD | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | C | D | M | % | N | C | D | M | % | ||||
EOSD | N | 1935 | 759 | 74 | 90 | 68 | LCTS | N | 1697 | 473 | 36 | 50 | 75 |
C | 649 | 1718 | 69 | 106 | 68 | C | 758 | 1632 | 60 | 186 | 62 | ||
D | 66 | 91 | 94 | 65 | 30 | D | 134 | 57 | 98 | 64 | 28 | ||
M | 77 | 263 | 66 | 141 | 26 | M | 269 | 379 | 123 | 247 | 24 | ||
% | 71 | 61 | 31 | 35 | 62 | % | 59 | 64 | 31 | 45 | 59 | ||
k-NN | SPOT | ||||||||||||
N | C | D | M | % | N | C | D | M | % | ||||
EOSD | N | 1391 | 1098 | 59 | 311 | 49 | LCTS | N | 1725 | 466 | 33 | 33 | 76 |
C | 274 | 1965 | 20 | 283 | 77 | C | 684 | 1802 | 55 | 94 | 68 | ||
D | 14 | 59 | 105 | 138 | 33 | D | 116 | 62 | 90 | 84 | 25 | ||
M | 20 | 240 | 25 | 261 | 48 | M | 201 | 500 | 125 | 191 | 19 | ||
% | 82 | 58 | 50 | 26 | 59 | % | 63 | 64 | 30 | 48 | 61 | ||
k-NN | k-NN | ||||||||||||
N | C | D | M | % | N | C | D | M | % | ||||
SPOT | N | 1359 | 1064 | 56 | 247 | 50 | LCTS | N | 1259 | 812 | 28 | 157 | 56 |
C | 312 | 2111 | 30 | 376 | 75 | C | 334 | 2007 | 14 | 281 | 76 | ||
D | 12 | 66 | 83 | 141 | 28 | D | 32 | 73 | 101 | 146 | 29 | ||
M | 14 | 120 | 40 | 228 | 57 | M | 73 | 470 | 66 | 409 | 40 | ||
% | 80 | 63 | 40 | 23 | 60 | % | 74 | 60 | 48 | 41 | 60 |
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Castilla, G.; Rodrigue, S.; Skakun, R.S.; Hall, R.J. Four National Maps of Broad Forest Type Provide Inconsistent Answers to the Question of What Burns in Canada. Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 539. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8070539
Castilla G, Rodrigue S, Skakun RS, Hall RJ. Four National Maps of Broad Forest Type Provide Inconsistent Answers to the Question of What Burns in Canada. Remote Sensing. 2016; 8(7):539. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8070539
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastilla, Guillermo, Sebastien Rodrigue, Rob S. Skakun, and Ron J. Hall. 2016. "Four National Maps of Broad Forest Type Provide Inconsistent Answers to the Question of What Burns in Canada" Remote Sensing 8, no. 7: 539. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8070539