Oil Droplet Clouds Suspended in the Sea: Can They Be Remotely Detected?
Department of Physics at Faculty of Marine Engineering, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska Street 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
Academic Editors: Deepak R. Mishra, Xiaofeng Li and Prasad S. Thenkabail
Remote Sens. 2016, 8(10), 857; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8100857
Received: 4 July 2016 / Revised: 14 September 2016 / Accepted: 10 October 2016 / Published: 18 October 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing and Oil Spill Response: Leveraging New Technologies to Safeguard the Environment)
Oil floating on the sea surface can be detected by both passive and active methods using the ultraviolet-to-microwave spectrum, whereas oil immersed below the sea surface can signal its presence only in visible light. This paper presents an optical model representing a selected case of the sea polluted by an oil suspension for a selected concentration (10 ppm) located in a layer of exemplary thickness (5 m) separated from the sea surface by an unpolluted layer (thickness 1 m). The impact of wavelength and state of the sea surface on reflectance changes is presented based on the results of Monte Carlo ray tracing. A two-wavelength index of reflectance is proposed to detect oil suspended in the water column (645–469 nm).
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Keywords:
oil; seawater; suspension; detection; radiance reflectance
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Otremba, Z. Oil Droplet Clouds Suspended in the Sea: Can They Be Remotely Detected? Remote Sens. 2016, 8, 857.
AMA Style
Otremba Z. Oil Droplet Clouds Suspended in the Sea: Can They Be Remotely Detected? Remote Sensing. 2016; 8(10):857.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOtremba, Zbigniew. 2016. "Oil Droplet Clouds Suspended in the Sea: Can They Be Remotely Detected?" Remote Sens. 8, no. 10: 857.
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