Pan-Arctic Land Surface Temperature from MODIS and AATSR: Product Development and Intercomparison
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Accuracy of Retrieved LST from MODIS
3. Accuracy of Retrieved LST from AATSR
4. Data and Methods
4.1. Pan-Arctic LST Products Development
4.2. Quality Assessment of the UW-L3 25-km Pan-Arctic Products
4.3. Estimating Bias Introduced by Considering only Clear-Sky Observations
4.4. Statistical Estimation of Bias
5. Results and Discussion
5.1. UW-L3 Products
5.2. Temporal Structure of the Bias
5.3. The Bias towards Clear-Sky Observations
5.4. Spatial Structure of the Bias
5.4.1. Bias between Sensors
5.4.2. Bias between Different Datasets
6. Conclusions
- The impact of the improvement in the upcoming MODIS Collection 6 LST products in relation to the identified artifact at 60 degrees North need to be quantified and compared to current products from Collection 5.
- The bias between UW-L3 LST products at 1-km and ground-based station measurements of both near-surface air temperature and radiometric LST measurements is unknown. Further studies are needed to quantify the magnitude and various sources of uncertainty of the 1-km products.
- The quality of cloud masks used in L2 MODIS and AATSR LST products is a topic that merits further investigation. The influence of polar darkness and snow cover on the quality of the operational cloud mask needs to be studied and more robust algorithms need to be developed.
- Further studies are needed to assess the performance of operational split window algorithms for both AATSR and MODIS at high latitudes during the Arctic winter.
Acknowledgments
References
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MODIS Products | Location | Bias [K] | Validation Method | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
L2 TERRA & AQUA | California & Tibet Plateau | ME < 1 RMSE < 0.7 | Radiative transfer model | [33] |
L2 TERRA | Rice field, Valencia, Spain | ME = −0.29 SD = 0.06 RMSE = 0.67 | Comparison with LST radiometer | [34] |
L2 TERRA | Rice field, Valencia, Spain | ME = 0.24 SD = 0.58 RMSE = 0.63 | Radiative transfer model | [34] |
L2 TERRA & AQUA | Mixed broad leaf forest, Hainich forest, Germany | ME = −0.3 SD = 0.5 RMSE = 0.59 | Radiative transfer model | [34] |
L2 TERRA & AQUA | Wet polygon tundra, Northern Siberia | ME (weekly) Min = −0.5 Max = +2 | Comparison with thermal camera | [24] |
L2 TERRA & AQUA | Variable moisture tundra, Svalbard | ME (weekly) = ±2 | Comparison with thermal camera | [25] |
L2 TERRA & AQUA | Variable moisture tundra, Svalbard | ME = −3 Min = −6 Max = −1.5 | Comparison with LST radiometer | [26] |
L3 TERRA & AQUA | Various land cover types, Northern Quebec and the North Slope of Alaska | Correlation coefficient = 0.97 ME = 1.8 | Comparison with 2-m height air temperature | [12] |
Location | Algorithm | Bias[K] | Validation Method | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Homogenous rice field, Valencia, Spain | Operational split window algorithm | ME = 3 | Comparison with LST radiometer | [23] |
Operational algorithm (vegetation fraction corrected) | ME = −0.9 SD = 0.9 | Comparison with LST radiometer | ||
Emissivity dependent retrieval algorithm | ME = 0.3 SD = 0.9 | Comparison with LST radiometer | ||
Mixed land cover (bare soil, wheat crop) | Operational algorithm daytime | ME = −1 SD = 0.07 | Radiative transfer model | [22] |
Marrakech, Morocco | Operational algorithm nighttime | ME = −1.74 SD = 0.02 | Radiative transfer model | |
Mixed land cover, Marrakech, Morocco | Split window with nadir view | 1.1 ≤ RMSE ≤ 1.7 | Comparison with a reconstructed LST image* | [21] |
Split window with forward view | 1.6 ≤ RMSE ≤ 2.4 | Comparison with a reconstructed LST image | ||
Dual angle algorithm channel 11 | 0.6 ≤ RMSE ≤ 1.3 | Comparison with a reconstructed LST image | ||
Dual angle algorithm channel 12 | 0.9 ≤ RMSE ≤ 1.6 | Comparison with a reconstructed LST image | ||
Homogenous rice field, Valencia, Spain | Operational algorithm | ME = 3.5 SD = 0.6 | Comparison with LST radiometer | [34] |
Operational algorithm (Land cover adjusted) | ME = 0.16 SD = 0.51 | Comparison with LST radiometer | ||
Homogenous rice field, Valencia, Spain | Operational split window algorithm | Overestimated +2 to +5 | Long-term accuracy assessment | [39] |
Split window algorithm (land cover corrected) | RMSE = ±0.5 to ±1.1 | Long-term accuracy assessment | ||
Emissivity dependent SW algorithm | RMSE = ±0.4 to ±0.6 | Long-term accuracy assessment |
Sensor | Type | Product | Pixel Size | Temporal Resolution | Reported Accuracy | Advantages | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AMSRE 18.7/23.8 Ghz H/V modes | Passive microwave | Near surface temperature (Ta) | 25 km | Daily during snow free period | 1 to 3.5 K | Measuring under clear and cloudy sky | [47,48] |
SSM/I 37 GHz H/V modes | Passive microwave | Land surface temperature (LST) | 25 km | Daily during snow free period | +0.05 °K ±1.85 °K | Measuring under clear and cloudy sky | [49] |
NARR | Atmospheric reanalysis | 0 height air temperature (LST) | 32 km | Daily | Positive bias +1 K [49] | Continuous year around | [50,51] |
MODIS-SSM/I | MODIS-AMSR-E | MODIS-NARR | SSM/I-AMSR-E | SSM/I-NARR | AMSRE-NARR | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MD [K] | RMSD [±K] | MD [K] | RMSD [±K] | MD [K] | RMSD [±K] | MD [K] | RMSD [±K] | MD [K] | RMSD [±K] | MD [K] | RMSD [±K] | |
Clear-sky | −0.89 | 2.56 | −1.06 | 2.55 | −2.16 | 3.38 | −0.19 | 2.38 | −1.65 | 2.98 | −1.65 | 3.46 |
All-sky | −0.31 | 2.28 | −0.58 | 2.46 | −1.61 | 3.2 | −0.56 | 2.33 | −1.69 | 2.74 | −1.38 | 3.24 |
Year | (MODIS-NARR) | (AATSR-NARR) | (MODIS-AATSR) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MD [K] RMSD [K] | MD [K] RMSD [K] | MD [K] RMSD [K] | ||||
2005 | −3.84 | 4.41 | −2.33 | 3.56 | −1.8 | 2.78 |
2006 | −3.6 | 4.14 | −3.61 | 4 | 0.1 | 1.63 |
2007 | −3.9 | 4.4 | −2.07 | 3.19 | −1.48 | 2.22 |
2008 | −4.16 | 4.61 | −2.24 | 3.41 | −1.46 | 2.22 |
2009 | −3.71 | 4.17 | −2.55 | 3.36 | −0.89 | 1.77 |
Share and Cite
Soliman, A.; Duguay, C.; Saunders, W.; Hachem, S. Pan-Arctic Land Surface Temperature from MODIS and AATSR: Product Development and Intercomparison. Remote Sens. 2012, 4, 3833-3856. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4123833
Soliman A, Duguay C, Saunders W, Hachem S. Pan-Arctic Land Surface Temperature from MODIS and AATSR: Product Development and Intercomparison. Remote Sensing. 2012; 4(12):3833-3856. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4123833
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoliman, Aiman, Claude Duguay, William Saunders, and Sonia Hachem. 2012. "Pan-Arctic Land Surface Temperature from MODIS and AATSR: Product Development and Intercomparison" Remote Sensing 4, no. 12: 3833-3856. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs4123833