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Article

MFE-STN: A Versatile Front-End Module for SAR Deception Jamming False Target Recognition

by
Liangru Li
1,2,
Lijie Huang
1,2,
Tingyu Meng
1,
Cheng Xing
1,
Tianyuan Yang
1,
Wangzhe Li
1 and
Pingping Lu
1,2,*
1
National Key Laboratory of Microwave Imaging, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2
School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(23), 3848; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17233848 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 12 October 2025 / Revised: 19 November 2025 / Accepted: 26 November 2025 / Published: 27 November 2025

Abstract

Advanced deception countermeasures now enable adversaries to inject false targets into synthetic-aperture-radar (SAR) imagery, generating electromagnetic signatures virtually indistinguishable from genuine targets, thus destroying the separability essential for conventional recognition algorithms. To address this problem, we propose a versatile front-end Multi-Feature Extraction and Spatial Transformation Network (MFE-STN), specifically designed for the task of discriminating between true targets and deceptive false targets created by SAR jamming, which can be seamlessly integrated with existing CNN backbones without architecture modification. MFE-STN integrates three complementary operations: (i) wavelet decomposition to extract the overall geometric features and scattering distribution of the target, (ii) a manifold transformation module for non-linear alignment of heterogeneous feature spaces, and (iii) a lightweight deformable spatial transformer that compensates for local geometric distortions introduced by deceptive jamming. By analyzing seven typical parameter-mismatch effects, we construct a simulated dataset containing six representative classes—four known classes and two unseen classes. Experimental results demonstrate that inserting MFE-STN boosts the average F1-score of known targets by 12.19% and significantly improves identification accuracy for unseen targets. This confirms the module’s capability to capture discriminative signatures to distinguish genuine targets from deceptive ones while exhibiting strong cross-domain generalization capabilities.
Keywords: false target generation; false target recognition; Riemannian manifold; wavelet transform; spatial transformation network false target generation; false target recognition; Riemannian manifold; wavelet transform; spatial transformation network

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Li, L.; Huang, L.; Meng, T.; Xing, C.; Yang, T.; Li, W.; Lu, P. MFE-STN: A Versatile Front-End Module for SAR Deception Jamming False Target Recognition. Remote Sens. 2025, 17, 3848. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17233848

AMA Style

Li L, Huang L, Meng T, Xing C, Yang T, Li W, Lu P. MFE-STN: A Versatile Front-End Module for SAR Deception Jamming False Target Recognition. Remote Sensing. 2025; 17(23):3848. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17233848

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Liangru, Lijie Huang, Tingyu Meng, Cheng Xing, Tianyuan Yang, Wangzhe Li, and Pingping Lu. 2025. "MFE-STN: A Versatile Front-End Module for SAR Deception Jamming False Target Recognition" Remote Sensing 17, no. 23: 3848. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17233848

APA Style

Li, L., Huang, L., Meng, T., Xing, C., Yang, T., Li, W., & Lu, P. (2025). MFE-STN: A Versatile Front-End Module for SAR Deception Jamming False Target Recognition. Remote Sensing, 17(23), 3848. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17233848

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