An Enhanced Data-Driven Array Shape Estimation Method Using Passive Underwater Acoustic Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Related Works
1.2. Contributions
1.3. Organization and Notation
2. Underwater Acoustic Radiated Noise Model in the Distorted Array
3. Array Shape Estimation
3.1. Phase Extraction Based on Detected Narrow-Band Frequencies
3.2. Proposed Weighted Outlier-Robust Kalman Smoother
3.3. Summary of Proposed Distorted Array Shape Estimation Scheme
3.4. Performance Bound Analysis
4. Simulations and Experiments
4.1. Simulations
4.1.1. Variance Estimates of Time-Delay Difference
4.1.2. Performance Comparison versus Bearings of the Radiated Noise Source
4.1.3. Performance Comparison versus SINR
4.2. Experiments in Lake Trial Data
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Given the observed array data . |
(1) Calculate with respect to the kth source based on the hypothetical uniform linear array. |
(2) Acquire the detected narrow-band frequencies with based on . |
(3) Calculate time-delay differences vector . |
(4) Estimate the time-delay differences using proposed Weighted Robust-Outlier Kalman Smoother: |
a. Initialize hyperparameters and . |
b. Initialize covariance for observation noise , variance of state noise . |
c. Estimate time-delay differences using EM algorithm Equations (23)–(30). |
(5) Perform array shape estimates with using Equations (34) and (35). |
(6) Perform the beamforming and acquire the improved output signal . |
Frequency/Hz | 59 | 97 | 125 | 163 | 198 | 232 | 280 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amplitude error in average method/dB | 25.3 | 15.0 | 43.2 | 24.6 | 37.9 | 11.4 | 25.2 |
Amplitude error in subspace method/dB | 24.9 | 15.7 | 49.7 | 24.8 | 32.8 | 11.3 | 22.6 |
Amplitude error in proposed method/dB | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
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Wu, Q.; Zhang, H.; Lai, Z.; Xu, Y.; Yao, S.; Tao, J. An Enhanced Data-Driven Array Shape Estimation Method Using Passive Underwater Acoustic Data. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 1773. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091773
Wu Q, Zhang H, Lai Z, Xu Y, Yao S, Tao J. An Enhanced Data-Driven Array Shape Estimation Method Using Passive Underwater Acoustic Data. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(9):1773. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091773
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Qisong, Hao Zhang, Zhichao Lai, Youhai Xu, Shuai Yao, and Jun Tao. 2021. "An Enhanced Data-Driven Array Shape Estimation Method Using Passive Underwater Acoustic Data" Remote Sensing 13, no. 9: 1773. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091773
APA StyleWu, Q., Zhang, H., Lai, Z., Xu, Y., Yao, S., & Tao, J. (2021). An Enhanced Data-Driven Array Shape Estimation Method Using Passive Underwater Acoustic Data. Remote Sensing, 13(9), 1773. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13091773