An Integrated Approach for Mapping Three-Dimensional CoSeismic Displacement Fields from Sentinel-1 TOPS Data Based on DInSAR, POT, MAI and BOI Techniques: Application to the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo Earthquake
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Datasets and Processing
2.1. InSAR Data
2.2. Across-Track Displacements Derived from DInSAR and POT Techniques
2.3. Along-Track Displacements Derived from POT, MAI and BOI Techniques
2.4. Quality Assessment of the Across- and Along-Track Displacements
3. Methods
3.1. 3D Displacement Modeling
3.2. Geodetic Modeling
4. Results
4.1. The 3D Coseismic Displacement Maps of the 2021 Maduo Earthquake
4.2. Fault Geometry and Slip Model
4.3. Coulomb Failure Stress Change
5. Discussion
5.1. Fault Slip Model Estimated by the Joint Utilization of DInSAR and BOI
5.2. Synthetic 3D Displacement Maps
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sensor | OrbitDirection | Acquisition Time | Perp. Baseline (m) | Heading Angle (°) | Incidence Angle (°) | Imaging Mode |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sentinel-1A/B | Ascending | 20 May 2021–26 May 2021 | 55 | −12.9 | 39.2 | TOPS |
Sentinel-1A | Descending | 20 May 2021–26 May 2021 | 29 | −167.0 | 39.1 | TOPS |
Methods | Ascending Orbit | Descending Orbit | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
mean | std | mean | std | ||
Across-track displacements | DInSAR | 0.8 | 2.8 | −0.3 | 2.9 |
POT | 1.3 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 14.6 | |
Along-track displacements | POT | 18.3 | 42.4 | 6.3 | 98.4 |
MAI | 1.5 | 21.1 | 3.7 | 66.1 | |
BOI | 0.5 | 4.3 | 1 | 3.6 |
Datasets | E–W | N–S | U–D | |
---|---|---|---|---|
RMSEs | ||||
LOS displacement + POT | 3.9 | 21.3 | 2.7 | |
LOS displacement + MAI | 4.0 | 13.6 | 1.5 | |
LOS displacement + BOI | 6.6 | 5.5 | 2.4 | |
LOS displacement + BOI + MAI | 5.8 | 6.3 | 1.7 |
Constraint Data | Seismic Fault | Strike Angle (°) | Dip Angle (°) | Rake Angle (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|
DInSAR observations | F1 | 263.9 ± 3.1 | 85.7 ± 3.8 | 3.6 |
280.5 ± 2.7 | 87.2 ± 3.2 | |||
287.2 ± 2.9 | 77.2 ± 3.3 | |||
271.3 ± 3.5 | 80.3 ± 3.7 | |||
288.0 ± 1.5 | 71.5 ± 2.1 | |||
275.0 ± 1.3 | 75.4 ± 2.4 | |||
F2 | 126.4 ± 2.5 | 84.7 ± 2.3 | 5.4 | |
93.2 ± 2.1 | 71.0 ± 1.9 |
Seismic Fault | Strike Angle (°) | Dip Angle (°) | Rake Angle (°) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
DInSAR +BOI observations | F1 | 262.0 + 3.6 | 82.8 + 4.0 | 5.8 |
278.3 + 3.2 | 84.4 + 3.8 | |||
289.8 + 3.7 | 79.4 + 3.5 | |||
272.8 + 3.4 | 78.2 + 2.9 | |||
286.3 + 2.6 | 73.2 + 3.4 | |||
277.1 + 2.1 | 77.7 + 3.2 | |||
F2 | 124.8 + 2.8 | 83.3 + 3.1 | −19.5 | |
92.3 + 2.6 | 73.2 + 3.3 |
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Xu, L.; Chen, Q.; Zhao, J.-J.; Liu, X.-W.; Xu, Q.; Yang, Y.-H. An Integrated Approach for Mapping Three-Dimensional CoSeismic Displacement Fields from Sentinel-1 TOPS Data Based on DInSAR, POT, MAI and BOI Techniques: Application to the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo Earthquake. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4847. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234847
Xu L, Chen Q, Zhao J-J, Liu X-W, Xu Q, Yang Y-H. An Integrated Approach for Mapping Three-Dimensional CoSeismic Displacement Fields from Sentinel-1 TOPS Data Based on DInSAR, POT, MAI and BOI Techniques: Application to the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo Earthquake. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(23):4847. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234847
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Lang, Qiang Chen, Jing-Jing Zhao, Xian-Wen Liu, Qian Xu, and Ying-Hui Yang. 2021. "An Integrated Approach for Mapping Three-Dimensional CoSeismic Displacement Fields from Sentinel-1 TOPS Data Based on DInSAR, POT, MAI and BOI Techniques: Application to the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo Earthquake" Remote Sensing 13, no. 23: 4847. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13234847