The Effect of Attenuation from Fish on Passive Detection of Sound Sources in Ocean Waveguide Environments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Measuring Reductions in Ship Tonal Intensity Due to Fish-Attenuation
2.2. Predicting Reductions in Ship Tonal Intensity Due to Fish-Attenuation
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. OAWRS Measurements of Herring Population Density
Appendix B. Estimating the Probability Density Function of Herring Depth
Appendix C. Identifying Detections of Ship-Radiated Tonals
Appendix D. Estimating Artus Source Level
Appendix E. Sound Speed Profiles
References
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Areal Density (Fish/m2) | Shoal Depth (m) | Shoal Vertical Thickness (m) | Distance Along Propagation Path (km) | Shoal Horizontal Thickness (km) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoal 1 | 1.7 | 62.5 | 45 | 1.01 | 0.38 |
Shoal 2 | 3.7 | 72.5 | 25 | 2.81 | 0.22 |
Shoal 3 | 5.1 | 77.5 | 15 | 3.99 | 1.15 |
Environment/Species | Areal Density (Fish/m2) | Water Depth (m) | Shoal Depth (m) | Shoal Vertical Thickness (m) | Neutral Buoyancy Depth (m) | Mean Fish Length (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gulf of Maine herring | 2 a | 200 a | 150 a | 30 a | 82 a | 24 a |
Finnmark capelin | 10 b | 300 b | 30 b | 40 b | 10 c | 17 d |
Ålesund herring | 2 e | 120 e | 80 d | 80 d | 3 e | 34 d |
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Duane, D.; Zhu, C.; Piavsky, F.; Godø, O.R.; Makris, N.C. The Effect of Attenuation from Fish on Passive Detection of Sound Sources in Ocean Waveguide Environments. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4369. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214369
Duane D, Zhu C, Piavsky F, Godø OR, Makris NC. The Effect of Attenuation from Fish on Passive Detection of Sound Sources in Ocean Waveguide Environments. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(21):4369. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214369
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuane, Daniel, Chenyang Zhu, Felix Piavsky, Olav Rune Godø, and Nicholas C. Makris. 2021. "The Effect of Attenuation from Fish on Passive Detection of Sound Sources in Ocean Waveguide Environments" Remote Sensing 13, no. 21: 4369. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13214369