The Water Availability on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the Implementation of the Grain for Green Project as Indicated by the Evaporative Stress Index
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Datasets
2.2. Drought Indices
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Vegetation Cover Changes from 2000 to 2015
3.2. Characteristics of ET and ESI on the LP
3.3. Identifying the Dependence of ESI on Climatic and Vegetative Factors
4. Discussion
4.1. Suitability of the ESI for Indicating the Status of Water Availability on the LP
4.2. The Responses of Soil Water Availability to the Grain for Green Project
4.3. The Sustainability and Prospect of the Grain for Green Project on the LP
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
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Land Cover Types Used in This Study | Code in ESA-CCI | ESA-CCI Classification |
---|---|---|
Crop | 10, 11, 12 | Cropland, rainfed |
20 | Cropland, irrigated or post-flooding | |
Forest | 50 | Tree cover, broadleaved, evergreen, closed to open (>15%) |
60, 61 | Tree cover, broadleaved, deciduous, closed to open (>15%) | |
70 | Tree cover, needle-leaved, evergreen, closed to open (>15%) | |
170 | Tree cover, flooded, saline water | |
Grass | 130 | Grassland |
Shrub | 100 | Mosaic tree and shrub (>50%)/herbaceous cover (<50%) |
110 | Mosaic herbaceous cover (>50%)/tree and shrub (<50%) | |
120, 122 | Shrubland | |
150 | Sparse vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (<15%) | |
180 | Shrub or herbaceous cover, flooded, fresh/saline/brackish water | |
Mosaic vegetation | 30 | Mosaic cropland (>50%)/natural vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (<50%) |
40 | Mosaic cropland (<50%)/natural vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (>50%) | |
Non-vegetated | 190 | Urban areas |
200, 201, 202 | Bare areas | |
210 | Water bodies | |
220 | Permanent snow and ice |
Year | Land Cover Types | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crop | Forest | Grass | Shrub | Mosaic Vegetation | Non-Vegetated | |
2000 | 25.32% | 10.58% | 39.84% | 2.75% | 18.61% | 2.90% |
2005 | 25.17% | 10.88% | 40.86% | 2.24% | 17.90% | 2.95% |
2010 | 25.03% | 10.93% | 41.04% | 2.18% | 17.65% | 3.17% |
2015 | 24.80% | 10.94% | 41.12% | 2.17% | 17.54% | 3.43% |
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Qiu, L.; Chen, Y.; Wu, Y.; Xue, Q.; Shi, Z.; Lei, X.; Liao, W.; Zhao, F.; Wang, W. The Water Availability on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the Implementation of the Grain for Green Project as Indicated by the Evaporative Stress Index. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 3302. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163302
Qiu L, Chen Y, Wu Y, Xue Q, Shi Z, Lei X, Liao W, Zhao F, Wang W. The Water Availability on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the Implementation of the Grain for Green Project as Indicated by the Evaporative Stress Index. Remote Sensing. 2021; 13(16):3302. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163302
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiu, Linjing, Yuting Chen, Yiping Wu, Qingyue Xue, Zhaoyang Shi, Xiaohui Lei, Weihong Liao, Fubo Zhao, and Wenke Wang. 2021. "The Water Availability on the Chinese Loess Plateau since the Implementation of the Grain for Green Project as Indicated by the Evaporative Stress Index" Remote Sensing 13, no. 16: 3302. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13163302