Hailstorm Detection by Satellite Microwave Radiometers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data Selection
2.1. The MicroWave Cloud Classification (MWCC) Method
3. The Hail Detection Model
3.1. The MWCC Training Dataset
3.2. AMSU-B Matchup Data
3.3. The Hail Detection Model
4. Validation
5. Application Examples
6. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AMSU-B | Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-B |
AR | Argentina |
ATMS | Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder |
BTD | Brightness Temperature Difference |
CONUS | Conterminous United States |
DPR | Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar |
ESSL | European Severe Storms Laboratory |
EU | Europe |
FOV | Field of View |
IFOV | Instantaneous FOV |
IR | InfraRed |
GMI | GPM Microwave Imager |
GPM | Global Precipitation Measurement mission |
MHS | Microwave Humidity Sounder |
MWCC | MicroWave Cloud Classification method |
NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
PMW | Passive Microwave |
PMWCC | Perturbation of MWCC |
SPC | Storm Prediction Center |
SSM/I | Special Sensor Microwave/Imager |
SSMIS | Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder |
TB | Brightness Temperature |
TRMM | Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission |
US | United States of America |
VIS | Visible |
183-WSL | Water vapor Strong Lines at 183 GHz algorithm |
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Location | Date | Latitude (deg) | Longitude (deg) | Overpass Time (UTC) | SatID * | Hail Size (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U.S. (Colorado, N. Mexico) | 9 May 2017 | 30.00–45.00 N | 115.00–95.00 W | 0337 | MOA | 3.5 |
U.S. (Minnesota, N. Dakota) | 10 Jun 2017 | 40.00–50.00 N | 110.00–83.00 W | 0110/ 0237/ 0331 | N18/ MOA/ MOB | 3.5 |
Bulgaria (Sofia) | 8 Jul 2014 | 42.00–43.00 N | 22.00–23.50 E | 1337 | N18 | 7.0 |
Bulgaria (Montana District) | 8 Jul 2014 | 43.00–44.00 N | 23.00–24.00 E | 1928 | MOA | 4.0 |
Germany (Reutlingen) | 28 Jul 2013 | 48.00–50.00 N | 08.00–11.00 E | 1427 | N18 | 5.0 |
U.S. (S. Dakota, Vivian) | 23 Jul 2010 | 43.00–49.00 N | 104.00.96.00 W | 2254 | N15 | 11 |
Argentina (Viale Entre Rios) | 7 Sep 2009 | 35.00–30.00 S | 63.00–55.00 W | 0753/ 1239 | N15/ N17 | 12 |
Bosnia-Herzegovina (Gorazde) | 19 Jun 2007 | 43.67–43.71 N | 18.94–18.98 E | 1927/ 2018 | MOA/ N17 | 8.0 |
U.S. (S. Dakota, Charles) | 21 Aug 2007 | 39.00–43.00 N | 104.00–95.00 W | 227/ 2341 | N16/ N15 | 14 |
Argentina (Colonia Liebig’s) | 13 Nov 2007 | 29.00–26.00 S | 60.00–53.00 W | 2045/ 2136 | N16/ N15 | 11 |
TB90 (K) | TB150 (K) | TB184 (K) | TB186 (K) | TB190 (K) | Hail Diameter (cm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
199,92 (20.92) | 174,57 (17.04) | 202,94 (12.81) | 186,31 (15.35) | 175,61 (15.51) | 2 < d < 10 |
130,10 (12.32) | 121,37 (9.47) | 148,94 (17.06) | 134,22 (14.65) | 124,38 (11.40) | d > 10 |
TB90 (K) | TB150 (K) | TB184 (K) | TB186 (K) | TB190 (K) | (%) (2 < d < 10) | No. of Data |
241.79 | 204.37 | 209.07 | 199.57 | 194.15 | 15–25 | 94 |
218.65 | 182.31 | 212.54 | 196.51 | 182.63 | 25–35 | 295 |
197.00 | 160.60 | 201.18 | 180.17 | 163.76 | >35 | 54 |
TB90 (K) | TB150 (K) | TB184 (K) | TB186 (K) | TB190 (K) | (%) (d > 10) | No. of Data |
250.34 | 217.48 | 206.64 | 205.36 | 195.85 | 15–25 | 416 |
220.66 | 181.58 | 200.28 | 189.55 | 175.11 | 25–35 | 233 |
174.90 | 148.91 | 175.24 | 161.43 | 147.37 | > 35 | 91 |
TB90 (K) | TB150 (K) | TB184 (K) | TB186 (K) | TB190 (K) | No. of Data | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
240.32 | 215.10 | 214.39 | 209.40 | 204.66 | 15–25 | 1814 |
209.88 | 180.01 | 203.00 | 188.08 | 176.53 | 25–35 | 1306 |
169.81 | 148.01 | 178.89 | 159.51 | 148.78 | > 35 | 903 |
Training Datasets | ||
---|---|---|
1st dataset | 528 | 145 |
2nd dataset | 1306 | 903 |
TB90 (K) | TB150 (K) | TB184 (K) | TB186 (K) | TB190 (K) | No. Data | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
216.40 | 181.30 | 205.27 | 191.38 | 178.09 | 25–35 | 1 |
180.90 | 152.51 | 185.10 | 167.04 | 153.30 | > 35 | 2 |
114.30 | 103.70 | 122.20 | 112.00 | 107.50 | Abs. min | 3 |
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Share and Cite
Laviola, S.; Levizzani, V.; Ferraro, R.R.; Beauchamp, J. Hailstorm Detection by Satellite Microwave Radiometers. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040621
Laviola S, Levizzani V, Ferraro RR, Beauchamp J. Hailstorm Detection by Satellite Microwave Radiometers. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12(4):621. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040621
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaviola, Sante, Vincenzo Levizzani, Ralph R. Ferraro, and James Beauchamp. 2020. "Hailstorm Detection by Satellite Microwave Radiometers" Remote Sensing 12, no. 4: 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12040621