The ASI Integrated Sounder-SAR System Operating in the UHF-VHF Bands: First Results of the 2018 Helicopter-Borne Morocco Desert Campaign
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. System Description
3. Campaign Description
4. Data Processing and Experimental Results: Sounder Mode
4.1. Data Processing
- the scene under investigation is invariant along the direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the normal to the ground and the (nominal) flight direction (2D geometry);
- the radar antenna is located in the far zone with respect to the investigated area. Moreover, the transmitting antenna is modeled as an electrical line source perpendicular to the survey plane;
- the propagation in the soil is negligible because the flight altitude is much greater than the depth of the target of interest. This approximation is acceptable when the goal is to locate shallow targets;
- the measurement configuration is multimonostatic/multifrequency so that, at each measurement point rm, the radar illuminates the scene at nadir and collects the field scattered by the targets at the same measurement point rm, within the frequency band of the transmitted signal;
- a linearized model of the electromagnetic scattering equations is exploited [67].
4.2. First Results
5. Data Processing and Experimental Results: SAR Mode
5.1. Data Processing
5.2. First Results
6. Conclusions and Further Developments
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Sounder | SAR-Low | SAR-High |
---|---|---|---|
Carrier frequency | 165 MHz | 450 MHz | 860 MHz |
Bandwidth | 40 MHz | 40 MHz | 80 MHz |
Frequency steps | 1 | 1 | 2–3 |
PRF | 500 Hz | 1000 Hz | 2000–3000 Hz |
Pulse width | 2 µs | 2 µs | 2 µs |
Mode | Pulsed | Pulsed | Pulsed |
Antenna type | Log Periodic | array of microstrip antennas | array of microstrip antennas |
Antenna gain | 7 dBi * | 11 dBi * | 17 dBi * |
Antenna dimension | 8 × 58 × 107 cm | 10 × 45 × 165 cm | 10 × 45 × 165 cm |
Antenna weight | 2 Kg | 15 Kg | 15 Kg |
Nominal elevation pointing | Nadir | 45° | 45° |
Nominal azimuth pointing | Nadir | 0° | 0° |
Range aperture | 68° | 75° | 37° |
Azimuth aperture | 50° | 20° | 10° |
Range resolution | 3.8 m (free sp.) | 3.8 m | 1.9 m |
Azimuth resolution | 1 m | 1 m | 1 m |
ADC Sampling frequency | 200 MHz | ||
Peak power | 200 W | ||
Power consumption | 500 W | ||
Rack Weight | 30 Kg | ||
Rack Dimension | 50 × 50 × 65 cm |
Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|---|
Azimuth spacing (SLC) | 0.64 m | Range spacing (SLC) | 1.5 m |
Azimuth resolution (SLC) | 1 m | Range resolution (SLC) | 5 m |
Azimuth spacing (MLC) | 0.64 m | Range spacing (MLC) | 1.5 m |
Azimuth resolution (MLC) | 7.5 m | Range resolution (MLC) | 12.8 m |
Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|---|
Azimuth spacing (SLC) | 0.7 m | Ground range spacing (SLC) | 5 m |
Azimuth resolution (SLC) | 1 m | Ground range resolution (SLC) | 6.25 m |
Azimuth spacing (MLC) | 0.7 m | Ground range spacing (MLC) | 5 m |
Azimuth resolution (MLC) | 7 m | Ground range resolution (MLC) | 6.25 m |
Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|---|
Azimuth spacing | 4 m | Ground range spacing | 6.25 m |
Azimuth resolution | 15 m | Ground range resolution | 15 m |
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Perna, S.; Alberti, G.; Berardino, P.; Bruzzone, L.; Califano, D.; Catapano, I.; Ciofaniello, L.; Donini, E.; Esposito, C.; Facchinetti, C.; et al. The ASI Integrated Sounder-SAR System Operating in the UHF-VHF Bands: First Results of the 2018 Helicopter-Borne Morocco Desert Campaign. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11161845
Perna S, Alberti G, Berardino P, Bruzzone L, Califano D, Catapano I, Ciofaniello L, Donini E, Esposito C, Facchinetti C, et al. The ASI Integrated Sounder-SAR System Operating in the UHF-VHF Bands: First Results of the 2018 Helicopter-Borne Morocco Desert Campaign. Remote Sensing. 2019; 11(16):1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11161845
Chicago/Turabian StylePerna, Stefano, Giovanni Alberti, Paolo Berardino, Lorenzo Bruzzone, Dario Califano, Ilaria Catapano, Luca Ciofaniello, Elena Donini, Carmen Esposito, Claudia Facchinetti, and et al. 2019. "The ASI Integrated Sounder-SAR System Operating in the UHF-VHF Bands: First Results of the 2018 Helicopter-Borne Morocco Desert Campaign" Remote Sensing 11, no. 16: 1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11161845
APA StylePerna, S., Alberti, G., Berardino, P., Bruzzone, L., Califano, D., Catapano, I., Ciofaniello, L., Donini, E., Esposito, C., Facchinetti, C., Formaro, R., Gennarelli, G., Gerekos, C., Lanari, R., Longo, F., Ludeno, G., Mariotti d’Alessandro, M., Natale, A., Noviello, C., ... Thakur, S. (2019). The ASI Integrated Sounder-SAR System Operating in the UHF-VHF Bands: First Results of the 2018 Helicopter-Borne Morocco Desert Campaign. Remote Sensing, 11(16), 1845. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11161845