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Article

Surveying Drifting Icebergs and Ice Islands: Deterioration Detection and Mass Estimation with Aerial Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning

1
Water and Ice Research Lab, Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, B349 Loeb Building, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
2
Amundsen Science, 4073 Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC GIV 0A6, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Remote Sens. 2018, 10(4), 575; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040575
Submission received: 23 January 2018 / Revised: 21 March 2018 / Accepted: 3 April 2018 / Published: 8 April 2018
(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensing in Geology, Geomorphology and Hydrology)

Abstract

Icebergs and ice islands (large, tabular icebergs) are challenging targets to survey due to their size, mobility, remote locations, and potentially difficult environmental conditions. Here, we assess the precision and utility of aerial photography surveying with structure-from-motion multi-view stereo photogrammetry processing (SfM) and vessel-based terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) for iceberg deterioration detection and mass estimation. For both techniques, we determine the minimum amount of change required to reliably resolve iceberg deterioration, the deterioration detection threshold (DDT), using triplicate surveys of two iceberg survey targets. We also calculate their relative uncertainties for iceberg mass estimation. The quality of deployed Global Positioning System (GPS) units that were used for drift correction and scale assignment was a major determinant of point cloud precision. When dual-frequency GPS receivers were deployed, DDT values of 2.5 and 0.40 m were calculated for the TLS and SfM point clouds, respectively. In contrast, values of 6.6 and 3.4 m were calculated when tracking beacons with lower-quality GPS were used. The SfM dataset was also more precise when used for iceberg mass estimation, and we recommend further development of this technique for iceberg-related end-uses.
Keywords: icebergs; ice islands; terrestrial laser scanning; structure-from-motion photogrammetry; change detection; ice hazards icebergs; ice islands; terrestrial laser scanning; structure-from-motion photogrammetry; change detection; ice hazards
Graphical Abstract

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MDPI and ACS Style

Crawford, A.J.; Mueller, D.; Joyal, G. Surveying Drifting Icebergs and Ice Islands: Deterioration Detection and Mass Estimation with Aerial Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040575

AMA Style

Crawford AJ, Mueller D, Joyal G. Surveying Drifting Icebergs and Ice Islands: Deterioration Detection and Mass Estimation with Aerial Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10(4):575. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040575

Chicago/Turabian Style

Crawford, Anna J., Derek Mueller, and Gabriel Joyal. 2018. "Surveying Drifting Icebergs and Ice Islands: Deterioration Detection and Mass Estimation with Aerial Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning" Remote Sensing 10, no. 4: 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040575

APA Style

Crawford, A. J., Mueller, D., & Joyal, G. (2018). Surveying Drifting Icebergs and Ice Islands: Deterioration Detection and Mass Estimation with Aerial Photogrammetry and Laser Scanning. Remote Sensing, 10(4), 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10040575

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