LDAS-Monde Sequential Assimilation of Satellite Derived Observations Applied to the Contiguous US: An ERA-5 Driven Reanalysis of the Land Surface Variables
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
2.1. LDAS-Monde System Components
2.1.1. The SURFEX Modelling Platform
2.1.2. ESA CCI Surface Soil Moisture and CGLS Leaf Area Index
2.1.3. ERA-5 Atmospheric Reanalysis
2.2. Evaluation Datasets and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Analysis Impact on Assimilated Variables
3.2. Evaluation Using Independent Datasets
3.2.1. Evapotranspiration and GPP
3.2.2. Soil Moisture
3.2.3. Streamflow
4. Potential Applications, Discussions, and Perspectives
4.1. Could LDAS-Monde be Used to Monitor Agricultural Droughts?
4.2. Could LDAS-Monde Provide Accurate Initial Conditions for Vegetation Forecasts?
4.3. Which Alternative Data to Better Constrain LDAS-Monde?
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Code Availability
Data Availability
References
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Experiments (Time Period) | Model | Domain & Spatial Resolution | Atmospheric Forcing | DA Method | Assimilated Observations | Model Equivalents of the Observations | Control Variables | Additional Options |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model or Open-loop (2010–2016) | ISBA Multi-layer soil model CO2-responsive version (Interactive vegetation) | CONtiguous US (CONUS), 0.25° × 0.25° | ERA-5 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | Coupling with CTRIP (0.5°) |
Analysis (2010–2016) | ISBA Multi-layer soil model CO2-responsive version (Interactive vegetation) | CONtiguous US (CONUS), 0.25° × 0.25° | ERA-5 | SEKF | SSM (ESA CCI) LAI (GEOV1) | Rescaled WG2 (Second layer of soil (1–4 cm)) LAI | Layers of soil 2 to 8 (WG2 to WG8, 1–100 cm) LAI | Coupling with CTRIP (0.5°) |
Ini_Model (2016) | ISBA Multi-layer soil model CO2-responsive version (Interactive vegetation) | CONtiguous US (CONUS), 0.25° × 0.25° | ERA-5 | 12-month model run starting on 1 January 2016 (initialised by the model simulation, i.e., Open-loop, run from 2010 to 2015) | Coupling with CTRIP (0.5°) | |||
Ini_Analysis (2016) | ISBA Multi-layer soil model CO2-responsive version (Interactive vegetation) | CONtiguous US (CONUS), 0.25° × 0.25° | ERA-5 | 12-month model run starting on 1 January 2016 (initialised by the analysis run from 2010 to 2015) | Coupling with CTRIP (0.5°) |
Mean of the Evaluation Data Set | Experiments | RMSD | R | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Evapotranspiration | 1.46 kg/m2/d | Open-loop | 0.87 kg/m2/d | 0.80 |
Analysis | 0.85 kg/m2/d | 0.81 | ||
Gross Primary Production | 1.76 g(C)/m2/d | Open-loop | 2.20 g(C)/m2/d | 0.74 |
Analysis | 1.91 g(C)/m2/d | 0.78 |
110 (110) Stations with Significant R (Anomaly R) | Median R (Anomaly R) | Median ubRMSD | Positive Impact: >+3 | ←3 Negative Impact: <−3 | Neutral Impact [−3; +3] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Model | 0.72 ± 0.02 * (0.60 ± 0.02 *) | 0.049 ± 0.004 * | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Analysis | 0.74 ± 0.02 * (0.60 ± 0.02 *) | 0.048 ± 0.004 * | 46% (18%) | 8% (1%) | 46% (81%) |
258 out of 531 Stations with KGE Greater than 0 | Positive Impact: >+3 | Negative Impact: <−3 | Neutral Impact [−3; +3] |
---|---|---|---|
NICKGE | 26% | 12% | 62% |
NREσ | 22% | 1% | 77% |
NREμ | 34% | 1% | 65% |
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Share and Cite
Albergel, C.; Munier, S.; Bocher, A.; Bonan, B.; Zheng, Y.; Draper, C.; Leroux, D.J.; Calvet, J.-C. LDAS-Monde Sequential Assimilation of Satellite Derived Observations Applied to the Contiguous US: An ERA-5 Driven Reanalysis of the Land Surface Variables. Remote Sens. 2018, 10, 1627. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101627
Albergel C, Munier S, Bocher A, Bonan B, Zheng Y, Draper C, Leroux DJ, Calvet J-C. LDAS-Monde Sequential Assimilation of Satellite Derived Observations Applied to the Contiguous US: An ERA-5 Driven Reanalysis of the Land Surface Variables. Remote Sensing. 2018; 10(10):1627. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101627
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbergel, Clement, Simon Munier, Aymeric Bocher, Bertrand Bonan, Yongjun Zheng, Clara Draper, Delphine J. Leroux, and Jean-Christophe Calvet. 2018. "LDAS-Monde Sequential Assimilation of Satellite Derived Observations Applied to the Contiguous US: An ERA-5 Driven Reanalysis of the Land Surface Variables" Remote Sensing 10, no. 10: 1627. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10101627