LaVegMod v2: Modeling Coastal Vegetation Dynamics in Response to Proposed Coastal Restoration and Protection Projects in Louisiana, USA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Model Description
2.2. Model Callibration
2.3. Modeled Projects
3. Results
3.1. Model Calibration
3.2. Modeled Projects
3.2.1. Calcasieu Ship Channel Salinity Control Structures
3.2.2. Mid-Breton Sound Diversion
3.2.3. Louisiana Coastal Master Plan
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Habitat | Species |
---|---|
Forested Wetland | Nyssa aquatica L., Quercus lyrata Walter, Quercus texana Buckley, Quercus.laurifolia Michx.,Ulmus americana L., Quercus nigra L., Quercus virginiana Mill, Salix nigra Marshall, Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich. |
Fresh Marsh | Cladium mariscus (L.) Pohl, Eleocharis baldwinii (Torr.) Chapm., Hydrocotyle umbellata L., Morella cerifera (L.) Small, Panicum hemitomon Schult., Sagittaria latifolia Willd., Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Palla, Typha domingensis Pers., Zizaniopsis miliacea (Michx.) Döll & Asch. |
Intermediate Marsh | Baccharis halimifolia L., Iva frutescens L., Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Sagittaria lancifolia L. |
Brackish Marsh | Paspalum vaginatum Sw., Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhl. |
Saline Marsh | Avicennia germinans (L.) L., Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene, Juncus roemerianus Scheele, Spartina alterniflora Loisel. |
Component | LAVegMod 2.0 | CRMS |
---|---|---|
Area | 500 × 500 = 250,000 m2 | 10 × 2 × 2 = 40 m2 |
Habitats represented | All habitat: includes developed area, open water, etc. | Target habitat: marsh or swamp forest. |
Species included | Species in the model * | All species |
Presence | >5% cover | >5% cover in one of the plots |
Project Function | Project Type | Number of Projects | Investment (Billions of Dollars) |
---|---|---|---|
Risk Reduction | Structural (e.g., levees, floodgates, pumps) | 13 | 19.0 |
Nonstructural (e.g., flood proofing, raising houses, property acquisition) | 32 | 6.0 | |
Ecosystem Restoration | Marsh Creation | 41 | 17.8 |
Sediment Diversion | 11 | 5.1 | |
Barrier Island Restoration | 1 * | 1.5 | |
Hydrologic Restoration | 4 | 0.4 | |
Ridge Restoration | 14 | 0.1 | |
Shoreline Protection | 12 | 0.1 |
Marsh Type | Species | Predicted: | Absent | Present | Absent | Present | Agreement |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed: | Absent | Present | Present | Absent | |||
Fresh | |||||||
Sagittaria latifolia | 98.21 | 0 | 1.79 | 0 | 98.21 | ||
Cladium jamaiscence | 97.62 | 0 | 2.38 | 0 | 97.62 | ||
Morella cerifera | 97.32 | 0 | 2.68 | 0 | 97.32 | ||
Schoenoplectus californicus | 96.43 | 0 | 3.57 | 0 | 96.43 | ||
Zizaniopsis milliacea | 96.13 | 0 | 3.87 | 0 | 96.13 | ||
Eleocharis baldwinii | 95.54 | 0.30 | 0 | 4.17 | 95.84 | ||
Hydrocotyle umbellatum | 94.94 | 0 | 5.06 | 0 | 94.94 | ||
Panicum hemitomon | 92.56 | 0.30 | 7.14 | 0 | 92.86 | ||
Typha domingensis | 78.57 | 2.68 | 13.1 | 5.65 | 81.25 | ||
Intermediate | |||||||
Baccharis halimifolia | 91.37 | 0 | 2.98 | 5.65 | 91.37 | ||
Iva frutescens | 91.07 | 0 | 3.87 | 5.06 | 91.07 | ||
Phragmites australis | 87.80 | 0.89 | 11.01 | 0.3 | 88.69 | ||
Sagittaria lancifolia | 78.56 | 3.27 | 17.86 | 0.6 | 81.83 | ||
Brackish | |||||||
Paspalum vaginatum | 89.58 | 0.60 | 5.95 | 3.87 | 90.18 | ||
Spartina patens | 28.87 | 37.8 | 17.86 | 15.48 | 66.67 | ||
Saline | |||||||
Avicennia germinans | 99.70 | 0 | 0.30 | 0 | 99.7 | ||
Juncus roemerianus | 87.20 | 0.89 | 11.31 | 0.60 | 88.09 | ||
Spartina alterniflora | 70.24 | 8.33 | 20.54 | 0.89 | 78.57 | ||
Distichlis spicata | 64.58 | 7.14 | 20.54 | 7.40 | 71.72 |
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Visser, J.M.; Duke-Sylvester, S.M. LaVegMod v2: Modeling Coastal Vegetation Dynamics in Response to Proposed Coastal Restoration and Protection Projects in Louisiana, USA. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091625
Visser JM, Duke-Sylvester SM. LaVegMod v2: Modeling Coastal Vegetation Dynamics in Response to Proposed Coastal Restoration and Protection Projects in Louisiana, USA. Sustainability. 2017; 9(9):1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091625
Chicago/Turabian StyleVisser, Jenneke M., and Scott M. Duke-Sylvester. 2017. "LaVegMod v2: Modeling Coastal Vegetation Dynamics in Response to Proposed Coastal Restoration and Protection Projects in Louisiana, USA" Sustainability 9, no. 9: 1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9091625