Rural Tourism: Development, Management and Sustainability in Rural Establishments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
- M1. It is useful to implement a code of environmental best practice.
- M2. Application of ecological criteria in investments, purchases, etc.
- M3. Need for staff training and motivation regarding environmental goals.
- M4. Information for customers, workers and suppliers on sustainable environmental conduct.
- C1. Customers’ environmental attitudes are satisfactory.
- C2. There are economic incentives for encouraging best environmental practice.
- C3. My customers appreciate best environmental practice.
- C4. Respect for the environment helps to attract new customers.
- S1. In rooms and communal toilets there is information on water-saving measures, asking customers to cooperate in this.
- S2. Importance of introducing water-saving systems.
- S3. Water-saving toilet cisterns have been installed (e.g., with two buttons or short flush).
- S4. We regard the energy rating of domestic appliances as important.
- S5. We regard the installation of energy-saving measures as important.
- S6. We have energy control systems (thermostats, timers, etc.)
- S7. Bulbs that stay on for more than two hours are of the low-energy type.
- S8. We regard the use of solar energy in our business as necessary.
- E1. Need to use non-polluting climate control systems.
- E2. We make sure to buy biodegradable detergents and, generally, cleaning products with a low environmental impact.
- E3. We regard the separation of waste as important.
- E4. We regard the treatment of toxic waste as important.
- E5. We sort containers and packaging, separating glass, plastic, metal and paper.
- E6. We separate special waste (batteries, toner, etc.) and hand it over to an authorized waste manager.
3. Results
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AVE | Composite Reliability | R Square | Cronbach’s Alpha | Communality | Redundancy | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Customer | 0.4674 | 0.7493 | 0.1579 | 0.6225 | 0.4674 | 0.0667 |
Environment | 0.5881 | 0.8936 | 0.0000 | 0.8539 | 0.5881 | 0.0000 |
Management | 0.5883 | 0.8502 | 0.4444 | 0.7639 | 0.5883 | 0.0465 |
Saving Energy (E) | 0.5432 | 0.8237 | 0.5621 | 0.7115 | 0.5432 | 0.0232 |
Saving Water (W) | 0.4900 | 0.7884 | 0.5024 | 0.6502 | 0.4900 | 0.0250 |
Customer | Environment | Management | Saving E | Saving W | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Customer | 1.0000 | ||||
Environment | 0.3974 | 1.0000 | |||
Management | 0.3712 | 0.5846 | 1.0000 | ||
Saving E | 0.3532 | 0.7472 | 0.5912 | 1.0000 | |
Saving W | −0.4866 | 0.5062 | 0.6247 | 0.6936 | 1.0000 |
Direct Effects | Total Effects | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Customer | Management | Saving E | Saving W | Customer | Management | Saving E | Saving W | |
Customer | 0.129 | 0.0669 | 0.0821 | 0.1649 | 0.0669 | 0.0821 | ||
Environment | 0.3974 | 0.189 | 0.721 | 0.672 | 0.3974 | 0.5846 | 0.7472 | 0.7048 |
Management | ||||||||
Saving E | 0.1932 | 0.1932 | ||||||
Saving W | 0.2838 | 0.2838 |
Direct Effects | Standard Error | T-statistic | |
---|---|---|---|
Customer > Management Customer | 0.1287 | 0.0594 | 2.1660 * |
Customer > Saving E | 0.0669 | 0.0427 | 1.5653 |
Customer > Saving W | 0.0821 | 0.0541 | 1.5176 |
Environment > Customer | 0.3974 | 0.0650 | 6.1088 * |
Environment > Management | 0.1891 | 0.0948 | 1.9935 * |
Environment > Saving E | 0.7206 | 0.0498 | 14.4852 * |
Environment > Saving W | 0.6721 | 0.0501 | 13.4172 * |
Saving E > Management | 0.1932 | 0.0942 | 2.0505 * |
Saving W > Management | 0.2838 | 0.0913 | 3.1086 * |
1–3 Stars | 4–5 Stars | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Effects | T-statistic | Direct Effects | T-statistic | |
Customer > Management Customer | 0.141 | 2.4882 * | 0.1029 | 1.2546 |
Customer > Saving E | 0.101 | 2.3797 * | 0.038 | 0.6766 |
Customer > Saving W | 0.1226 | 2.2513 * | 0.0999 | 1.5724 |
Environment > Customer | 0.5271 | 9.7669 * | 0.2066 | 2.6621 * |
Environment > Management | 0.1545 | 1.6556 * | 0.1788 | 1.9922 * |
Environment > Saving E | 0.7112 | 15.6662 * | 0.6394 | 9.0624 * |
Environment > Saving W | 0.662 | 13.5993 * | 0.5905 | 10.005 * |
Saving E > Management | 0.245 | 2.6185 * | 0.0809 | 0.6885 |
Saving W > Management | 0.3251 | 3.7587 * | 0.1827 | 1.9187 |
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Villanueva-Álvaro, J.-J.; Mondéjar-Jiménez, J.; Sáez-Martínez, F.-J. Rural Tourism: Development, Management and Sustainability in Rural Establishments. Sustainability 2017, 9, 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050818
Villanueva-Álvaro J-J, Mondéjar-Jiménez J, Sáez-Martínez F-J. Rural Tourism: Development, Management and Sustainability in Rural Establishments. Sustainability. 2017; 9(5):818. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050818
Chicago/Turabian StyleVillanueva-Álvaro, Juan-José, José Mondéjar-Jiménez, and Francisco-José Sáez-Martínez. 2017. "Rural Tourism: Development, Management and Sustainability in Rural Establishments" Sustainability 9, no. 5: 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050818
APA StyleVillanueva-Álvaro, J.-J., Mondéjar-Jiménez, J., & Sáez-Martínez, F.-J. (2017). Rural Tourism: Development, Management and Sustainability in Rural Establishments. Sustainability, 9(5), 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9050818