Analysis of Water Resources in Horqin Sandy Land Using Multisource Data from 2003 to 2010
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Data and Method
3.1. GRACE Data
3.2. Groundwater Level Data
3.3. Hydrological Models
3.4. Landsat TM and Preprocessing
3.5. LU/LC Change Detection
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. GWS Changes
4.2. LU/LC Change Detecton
4.3. Effects of LU/LC Changes on GWS
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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LU/LC Class | Description |
---|---|
Cropland | Land cultivated for crops, including paddy land and dry land |
Water bodies | Bodies of water, including natural bodies of water (e.g., streams, rivers, and lakes) and artificial structures (e.g., reservoirs and ponds) |
Built-up land | Lands used for urban built-up areas, rural settlements, factories, roads, and other artificial structures |
Vegetation | Woodland (e.g., forests, shrubs, and gardens) and grassland (e.g., shrub rangeland and mixed rangeland) |
Bare soil | Sand dunes, salinized soil, bare ground, and exposed soil with less than 5% vegetation cover |
Time | GWS | Trend (mm·year−1) |
---|---|---|
January 2005–December 2009 | GRACE-derived GWS | −26.04 to 29.1 |
well-derived GWS | −26.7 ± 2.7 | |
July 2009–December 2010 | GRACE-derived GWS | −6.0 ± 1.9 |
well-derived GWS | −5.5 to 6.1 |
2010 | Total | Decrease | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Built-up Lands | Water Bodies | Bare Soil | Croplands | Vegetation | ||||
2003 | Built-up lands | 191.4 | 5.8 | 99.2 | 94.9 | 20.4 | 411.7 | 220.3 |
Water bodies | 69.3 | 82.3 | 404.5 | 195.8 | 114.5 | 866.4 | 784.1 | |
Bare soil | 136.9 | 12.1 | 10,557.5 | 1210.3 | 439.6 | 12,356.4 | 1798.9 | |
Croplands | 281.1 | 24.5 | 5524.2 | 11,657.0 | 724.3 | 18,211.1 | 6554.1 | |
Vegetation | 99.2 | 27.7 | 5192.2 | 2468.0 | 926.6 | 8713.7 | 7787.1 | |
Total | 777.9 | 152.4 | 21,777.6 | 15,626.0 | 2225.4 | 40,559.3 | 17,144.5 | |
Increase | 586.5 | 70.1 | 11,220.1 | 3969 | 1298.8 | 17,144.5 |
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Zhao, Z.; Lin, A.; Feng, J.; Yang, Q.; Zou, L. Analysis of Water Resources in Horqin Sandy Land Using Multisource Data from 2003 to 2010. Sustainability 2016, 8, 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8040374
Zhao Z, Lin A, Feng J, Yang Q, Zou L. Analysis of Water Resources in Horqin Sandy Land Using Multisource Data from 2003 to 2010. Sustainability. 2016; 8(4):374. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8040374
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Zhenzhen, Aiwen Lin, Jiandi Feng, Qian Yang, and Ling Zou. 2016. "Analysis of Water Resources in Horqin Sandy Land Using Multisource Data from 2003 to 2010" Sustainability 8, no. 4: 374. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8040374