Assessing the Blue and Green Water Footprint of Lucerne for Milk Production in South Africa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods and Data
2.1. Methods
2.1.1. Calculating Volumetric Blue and Green Water Footprint Indicators of Growing Lucerne
2.1.2. Assessment of Sustainability of Water Use
2.2. Data
2.2.1. Crop Water Use
2.2.2. Lucerne Biomass Production
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Volumetric Water Footprint Indicator of Lucerne Production in Vaalharts
Blue and Green Water Footprint of Lucerne Production
ET Crop (mm) | R (mm) | I (mm) | IR (mm) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Average | 1157 | 633 | 605 | 524 |
ETCrop | ETGreen | ETBlue | CWU | CWUGreen | CWUBlue | Yield | WF | WFGreen | WFBlue |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mm/period | m3/ha | t/ha | m3/t | ||||||
1157.2 | 633 | 524.19 | 11570 | 6330 | 5240 | 30.59 | 378.18 | 206.9 | 171.28 |
3.2. Environmental Sustainability of the Blue Water Footprint
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Scheepers, M.E.; Jordaan, H. Assessing the Blue and Green Water Footprint of Lucerne for Milk Production in South Africa. Sustainability 2016, 8, 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010049
Scheepers ME, Jordaan H. Assessing the Blue and Green Water Footprint of Lucerne for Milk Production in South Africa. Sustainability. 2016; 8(1):49. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010049
Chicago/Turabian StyleScheepers, Morne E., and Henry Jordaan. 2016. "Assessing the Blue and Green Water Footprint of Lucerne for Milk Production in South Africa" Sustainability 8, no. 1: 49. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010049