Fitting the Stocking Rate with Pastoral Resources to Manage and Preserve Mediterranean Forestlands: A Case Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Description of Grazing Pressure in the Nature Reserve
2.3. Data Acquisition
3. Data Processing
4. Results
Species | Pasture Type | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | G | OG | EP | RFNT | WERF | Specific Index | |
Achillea ligustica All. | * | 2 | |||||
Elymus panormitanus (Parl.) Tzvelev | * | 1 | |||||
Allium subhirsutum L. | * | * | * | 0 | |||
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. | * | 2 | |||||
Asphodelus ramosus L. | * | * | * | 1 | |||
Avena fatua L. | * | 3 | |||||
Calicotome infesta (C. Presl) Guss. | * | 0 | |||||
Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. | * | 1 | |||||
Carthamus caeruleus L. | * | * | * | 0 | |||
Centaurea solstitialis L. | * | * | 0 | ||||
Cichorium intybus L. | * | * | 4 | ||||
Crataegus orientalis M. Bieb. subsp. presliana K.I. Chr. | * | 2 | |||||
Crataegus monogyna Jacq. | * | 2 | |||||
Crepis leontodontoides All. | * | 3 | |||||
Crepis vesicaria L. | * | 3 | |||||
Cuscuta sp. | * | 1 | |||||
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. | * | 2 | |||||
Cynosurus cristatus L. | * | * | * | * | * | 4 | |
Dactylis hispanica Roth | * | * | 5 | ||||
Daphne laureola L. | * | 0 | |||||
Elaeoselinum asclepium (L.) Bertol. | * | * | 0 | ||||
Eryngium campestre L. | * | 0 | |||||
Eryngium triquetrum Vahl | * | * | 1 | ||||
Euphorbia ceraratocarpa Ten. | * | 0 | |||||
Foeniculum vulgare Mill. subsp. piperitum (Ucria) Bég. | * | 2 | |||||
Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl | 4 | ||||||
Hordeum bulbosum L. | 3 | ||||||
Hyoseris radiata L. | * | 4 | |||||
Hypochoeris radicata L. subsp. heterocarpa (Moris) Arcang. | * | * | 3 | ||||
Kundmannia sicula L. | * | * | 0 | ||||
Lolium perenne L. | * | 5 | |||||
Lolium rigidum Gaudin | * | * | 5 | ||||
Mentha pulegium L. | * | 0 | |||||
Oenanthe pimpinelloides L. | * | * | * | * | * | * | 2 |
Phalaris coerulescens Desf. | * | * | * | 2 | |||
Helminthotheca echioides (L.) J. Holub | * | 3 | |||||
Poa bulbosa L. | * | * | * | * | 3 | ||
Poa trivialis L. subsp. sylvicola (Guss.) H. Lindb. f. | * | 4 | |||||
Prunus spinosa L. | * | * | * | 0 | |||
Pulicaria odora (L.) Rchb. | * | 2 | |||||
Pyrus spinosa Forssk. | * | 0 | |||||
Quercus virgiliana (Ten.) Ten. | * | * | 2 | ||||
Ranunculus bulbosus L. | * | * | 0 | ||||
Ranunculus muricatus L. | * | 1 | |||||
Rosa cfr. micrantha Sm. | * | * | * | 0 | |||
Rubia peregrina L. | * | 0 | |||||
Rubus ulmifolius Schott | * | 0 | |||||
Rumex conglomeratus Murray | * | 0 | |||||
Ruscus aculeatus L. | * | * | * | 0 | |||
Scolymus grandiflorus L. | * | * | 0 | ||||
Scorzoneravillosaeformis (Fiori & Bég.) Vierh. | * | 2 | |||||
Sedumcaespitosum (Cav.) DC. | * | 0 | |||||
Silene coeli-rosa (L.) Godron | * | * | 0 | ||||
Spartium junceum L. | * | 0 | |||||
Trifolium angustifolium L. | * | 2 | |||||
Trifolium bivonae Guss. | * | * | 3 | ||||
Trifolium campestre Schreber | * | * | * | 2 | |||
Trifolium incarnatum L. | * | * | 4 | ||||
Trifolium lappaceum L. | * | * | 2 | ||||
Trifolium nigrescens Viv. | * | 5 | |||||
Trifolium resupinatum L. | * | 3 | |||||
Urospermum dalechampii (L.) F.W. Schmidt | * | 2 | |||||
Vicia benghalensis L. | * | 4 |
Pasture type | Average PV | Average PSR(LU·ha−1·year−1) |
---|---|---|
Forests | 18.2 (28.6–7.9) | 0.26 (0.4–0.11) |
Grasslands | 60.4 (87.8–25.3) | 0.85 (1.23–0.35) |
Overgrazed grasslands | 23.5 (28.7–18.3) | 0.33 (0.4–0.26) |
Encroached pastures | 14.7 (33.7–1.8) | 0.21 (0.47–0.03) |
Roadside firebreaks with no trees | 27.9 (46.9–8.55) | 0.39 (0.66–0.12) |
Wooded/encroached roadside firebreaks | 33.4 (41.9–20) | 0.47 (0.59–0.28) |
Pasture type | Surfac (ha) | Surface after improvement interventions (ha) | Carrying capacity after pasture improvement interventions (LU·year−1) |
---|---|---|---|
Forests | 6293.79 | 6293.8 | 1636 |
Grasslands | 139.50 | 176.9 * | 150 |
Overgrazed grasslands | 325.51 | 597.7 ** | 197 |
Pastures colonized by shrubs | 465.02 | 155.4 | 32 |
Roadside firebreaks with no trees | 200.58 | 200.6 | 37 |
Wooded/encroached roadside firebreaks | 93.68 | 93.7 | 94 |
Arable crops and fallows | 7 | - | - |
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bianchetto, E.; Buscemi, I.; Corona, P.; Giardina, G.; La Mantia, T.; Pasta, S. Fitting the Stocking Rate with Pastoral Resources to Manage and Preserve Mediterranean Forestlands: A Case Study. Sustainability 2015, 7, 7232-7244. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067232
Bianchetto E, Buscemi I, Corona P, Giardina G, La Mantia T, Pasta S. Fitting the Stocking Rate with Pastoral Resources to Manage and Preserve Mediterranean Forestlands: A Case Study. Sustainability. 2015; 7(6):7232-7244. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067232
Chicago/Turabian StyleBianchetto, Elisa, Ivan Buscemi, Piermaria Corona, Giovanni Giardina, Tommaso La Mantia, and Salvatore Pasta. 2015. "Fitting the Stocking Rate with Pastoral Resources to Manage and Preserve Mediterranean Forestlands: A Case Study" Sustainability 7, no. 6: 7232-7244. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067232