Measuring and Analysis of Urban Competitiveness of Chinese Provincial Capitals in 2010 under the Constraints of Major Function-Oriented Zoning Utilizing Spatial Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Major Function-Oriented Zones (MFOZs)
Category | Characteristics | Major function |
---|---|---|
DOZ | Advanced economy; High population density; High development intensity; and Severe environmental and resource problems. | Providing industrial and service products |
DPZ | Sufficient economic foundation; High resource and environmental carrying capacities; High development potential; and Attractive for developing populations and economies. | Providing industrial and service products |
DRZ | Agricultural main production area: sufficient arable land and favorable conditions for agricultural development; and/or Key ecological function area: fragile ecosystem or important ecological function with a low resource and environmental carrying capacity. | Providing agricultural or ecological products |
PDZ | Various natural resources and cultural preserves established by law; Industrial and urban development is prohibited; and/or Key ecological function area that is protected. | Providing ecological or cultural products |
3. Methods
3.1. The Indicator System
3.2. Weighting Method
3.3. Integrated Assessment
4. Materials and Experiments
4.1. Data Description
- (a)
- Statistical data: to obtain statistical indicator values for 2010, data were collected from the China City Statistical Yearbook of 2011 and the Statistical Yearbook of 2011 for each provincial capital.
- (b)
- DEM data: to obtain elevation and slope data, Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of provincial capitals with a spatial resolution of 30 m (2009) were downloaded from the International Scientific Data Service Platform.
- (c)
- Traffic network data: national trunk highway system and railway network data were collected to calculate the connectivity index for roads and the connectivity index for railways, respectively. In addition, the flight information among the provincial capitals was collected from a travel website to calculate the connectivity index of aviation.
- (d)
- MFOZ data: the National Planning of Major Function-Oriented Zones (2010–2020) was obtained to determine the major functions of provincial capitals.
- (e)
- Auxiliary data: other data were collected to supplement the indicator values that could not be obtained from the data described above, including data from the Environmental State Bulletin of provincial capitals (2010), the Social and Development Bulletin of provincial capitals (2010), government websites, etc.
4.2. Accessibility Calculation
Cities | Roads (km) | Railway (km) | Aviation (minute) |
---|---|---|---|
Beijing | 42953 | 46321 | 4760 |
Tianjin | 42214 | 45775 | 5905 |
Shijiazhuang | 39383 | 41651 | 6025 |
Taiyuan | 39086 | 43325 | 4770 |
Huthot | 47726 | 51966 | 6280 |
Shenyang | 57836 | 62315 | 7545 |
Changchun | 65490 | 69049 | 8265 |
Harbin | 72651 | 75936 | 8135 |
Shanghai | 46579 | 50339 | 4565 |
Nanjing | 40491 | 44124 | 5330 |
Hangzhou | 45159 | 49567 | 5120 |
Hefei | 38177 | 40919 | 6635 |
Fuzhou | 53107 | 57991 | 5660 |
Nanchang | 40689 | 44050 | 6190 |
Jinan | 39658 | 41958 | 4715 |
Zhengzhou | 35898 | 38147 | 4670 |
Wuhan | 36252 | 39890 | 5115 |
Changsha | 40605 | 44550 | 5580 |
Guangzhou | 53127 | 59861 | 4850 |
Nanning | 54751 | 62465 | 5620 |
Haikou | 64682 | 70684 | 6115 |
Chongqing | 44613 | 50617 | 3845 |
Chengdu | 46109 | 51452 | 3685 |
Guiyang | 48154 | 54245 | 4905 |
Kunming | 57554 | 68315 | 4895 |
Lhasa | 86078 | 111000 | 11935 |
Xiʼan | 37336 | 39341 | 3295 |
Lanzhou | 44814 | 50964 | 6100 |
Xining | 49823 | 56542 | 8480 |
Yinchuan | 46484.33 | 51389 | 4375 |
Urumqi | 96704.78 | 101785 | 8185 |
4.3. Hypsography Calculation
5. Results and Discussions
5.1. Results of Urban Competitiveness
Cities | UC | EC | SC | ENC | LC | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | Score | Rank | |
Shanghai | 90.43 | 1 | 100.00 | 1 | 73.53 | 2 | 75.83 | 10 | 92.13 | 2 |
Beijing | 81.42 | 2 | 75.48 | 2 | 85.79 | 1 | 77.37 | 9 | 75.92 | 15 |
Guangzhou | 66.61 | 3 | 58.46 | 3 | 61.57 | 3 | 93.40 | 2 | 77.49 | 13 |
Tianjin | 47.94 | 4 | 48.43 | 4 | 45.65 | 4 | 64.22 | 27 | 90.94 | 4 |
Nanjing | 37.20 | 5 | 28.35 | 6 | 41.95 | 5 | 71.03 | 18 | 90.38 | 6 |
Hangzhou | 36.03 | 6 | 36.93 | 5 | 36.05 | 7 | 62.71 | 28 | 67.16 | 23 |
Wuhan | 31.02 | 7 | 20.31 | 10 | 38.25 | 6 | 69.38 | 20 | 92.59 | 1 |
Shenyang | 28.86 | 8 | 24.37 | 8 | 28.23 | 10 | 71.45 | 17 | 77.31 | 14 |
Fuzhou | 28.33 | 9 | 25.51 | 7 | 19.06 | 23 | 84.26 | 5 | 63.69 | 26 |
Chengdu | 27.76 | 10 | 17.47 | 12 | 34.15 | 8 | 72.97 | 15 | 75.50 | 16 |
Huhhot | 27.24 | 11 | 15.99 | 13 | 23.95 | 15 | 90.47 | 3 | 73.11 | 19 |
Changsha | 26.37 | 12 | 20.38 | 9 | 27.70 | 11 | 70.04 | 19 | 81.95 | 10 |
Xi'an | 24.01 | 13 | 14.57 | 15 | 32.26 | 9 | 68.43 | 21 | 71.59 | 20 |
Hefei | 23.68 | 14 | 15.19 | 14 | 23.75 | 16 | 74.61 | 13 | 91.69 | 3 |
Jinan | 23.53 | 15 | 14.55 | 16 | 24.37 | 14 | 75.26 | 11 | 87.93 | 8 |
Kunming | 22.69 | 16 | 9.30 | 21 | 22.85 | 17 | 93.66 | 1 | 51.03 | 28 |
Haikou | 22.21 | 17 | 14.27 | 17 | 19.30 | 21 | 80.64 | 8 | 78.96 | 12 |
Yinchuan | 19.614 | 18 | 8.40 | 23 | 19.08 | 22 | 83.31 | 7 | 79.04 | 11 |
Taiyuan | 17.96 | 19 | 6.89 | 27 | 24.71 | 12 | 72.31 | 16 | 74.75 | 18 |
Chongqing | 17.93 | 20 | 18.57 | 11 | 24.70 | 13 | 49.43 | 31 | 66.17 | 24 |
Zhengzhou | 17.79 | 21 | 12.61 | 19 | 18.57 | 24 | 65.58 | 23 | 90.50 | 5 |
Nanchang | 17.51 | 22 | 7.91 | 24 | 12.78 | 29 | 83.89 | 6 | 88.56 | 7 |
Changchun | 17.01 | 23 | 12.37 | 20 | 20.29 | 20 | 64.73 | 26 | 71.08 | 21 |
Guiyang | 16.09 | 24 | 6.31 | 29 | 12.93 | 28 | 86.27 | 4 | 67.21 | 22 |
Shijiazhuang | 14.66 | 25 | 7.81 | 25 | 12.78 | 30 | 74.26 | 14 | 83.27 | 9 |
Harbin | 14.33 | 26 | 8.44 | 22 | 18.14 | 25 | 67.73 | 22 | 63.43 | 27 |
Urumqi | 13.85 | 27 | 13.05 | 18 | 22.13 | 18 | 56.92 | 29 | 31.96 | 30 |
Nanning | 13.73 | 28 | 6.32 | 28 | 13.13 | 27 | 75.14 | 12 | 74.77 | 17 |
Lhasa | 10.87 | 29 | 7.13 | 26 | 21.53 | 19 | 65.29 | 25 | 2.93 | 31 |
Lanzhou | 7.70 | 30 | 3.96 | 31 | 17.25 | 26 | 52.90 | 30 | 63.72 | 25 |
Xining | 7.15 | 31 | 4.92 | 30 | 9.02 | 31 | 65.45 | 24 | 46.06 | 29 |
5.2. Coupling Analysis of MFOZs and Urban Competitiveness
5.3. Discussions
5.3.1. Development-Optimized Provincial Capitals
5.3.2. Development-Prioritized Provincial Capitals
5.3.3. Development-Restricted Provincial Capital
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
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Du, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ren, F.; Zhao, Z.; Liu, H.; Wu, C.; Li, L.; Shen, Y. Measuring and Analysis of Urban Competitiveness of Chinese Provincial Capitals in 2010 under the Constraints of Major Function-Oriented Zoning Utilizing Spatial Analysis. Sustainability 2014, 6, 3374-3399. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6063374
Du Q, Wang Y, Ren F, Zhao Z, Liu H, Wu C, Li L, Shen Y. Measuring and Analysis of Urban Competitiveness of Chinese Provincial Capitals in 2010 under the Constraints of Major Function-Oriented Zoning Utilizing Spatial Analysis. Sustainability. 2014; 6(6):3374-3399. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6063374
Chicago/Turabian StyleDu, Qingyun, Yanxia Wang, Fu Ren, Zhiyuan Zhao, Hongqiang Liu, Chao Wu, Langjiao Li, and Yiran Shen. 2014. "Measuring and Analysis of Urban Competitiveness of Chinese Provincial Capitals in 2010 under the Constraints of Major Function-Oriented Zoning Utilizing Spatial Analysis" Sustainability 6, no. 6: 3374-3399. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6063374
APA StyleDu, Q., Wang, Y., Ren, F., Zhao, Z., Liu, H., Wu, C., Li, L., & Shen, Y. (2014). Measuring and Analysis of Urban Competitiveness of Chinese Provincial Capitals in 2010 under the Constraints of Major Function-Oriented Zoning Utilizing Spatial Analysis. Sustainability, 6(6), 3374-3399. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6063374