The Second-Image Reversed and Climate Policy: How International Influences Helped Changing Brazil’s Positions on Climate Change
Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo (CICERO), University of Oslo, PO Box 1129, Blindern, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
Sustainability 2013, 5(3), 1049-1066; https://doi.org/10.3390/su5031049
Received: 6 November 2012
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Revised: 8 February 2013
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Accepted: 12 February 2013
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Published: 6 March 2013
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Coping with Climate Change in Developing Countries)
International climate policy over the last 7–8 years has been characterized by the increasing involvement of developing countries. While COP-13 at Bali marked a stronger willingness to participate in mitigation efforts in principle, there are now numerous examples of domestic programs for mitigation by this group of countries. Brazil has gone furthest among developing countries, with a substantial voluntary commitment to reduce its emissions proclaimed in 2009. The dynamics behind the change in Brazil’s position are discussed, with a particular eye to the effects of international influences. In conjunction with important domestic changes, a set of interacting influences through a variety of pathways both changed preferences among important interest groups in Brazilian society towards favoring some kind of commitments and helped to change the structure of government forums and decision-making rules in a way that empowered reform-minded ministries. It is argued that this perspective, drawn from Peter Gourevitch’s idea of the “second image reversed”, is increasingly relevant for understanding the influence of the broad “regime complex” on climate change on politics in developing countries.
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Keywords:
Brazil; climate change; positions; developing countries
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License
MDPI and ACS Style
Kasa, S. The Second-Image Reversed and Climate Policy: How International Influences Helped Changing Brazil’s Positions on Climate Change. Sustainability 2013, 5, 1049-1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5031049
AMA Style
Kasa S. The Second-Image Reversed and Climate Policy: How International Influences Helped Changing Brazil’s Positions on Climate Change. Sustainability. 2013; 5(3):1049-1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5031049
Chicago/Turabian StyleKasa, Sjur. 2013. "The Second-Image Reversed and Climate Policy: How International Influences Helped Changing Brazil’s Positions on Climate Change" Sustainability 5, no. 3: 1049-1066. https://doi.org/10.3390/su5031049
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