Research on Spatial Differentiation of Housing Prices Along the Rail Transit Lines in Qingdao City Based on Multi-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) Analysis
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Data Acquisition and Research Methods
2.1. Research Area
2.2. Data Source
2.3. Research Methodology
2.3.1. Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis
2.3.2. Kriging Interpolation Analysis
2.3.3. Multi-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression
3. Empirical Analysis on Influencing Factors of Housing Prices Along Urban Rail Transit Lines
3.1. The Pattern of Housing Price Differentiation Along the Rail Transit Lines
3.2. Comparison of OLS, GWR and MGWR
3.3. Analysis of MGWR Results
3.3.1. Analysis of Influencing Factors on Housing Prices Along Urban Rail Transit Lines
3.3.2. Analysis of Local Station Impact Areas by Urban Rail Transit
4. Discussion
4.1. Social and Economic Dimensions
4.2. Historical and Cultural Dimensions
4.3. Urban Planning Dimension
4.4. Suggestions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable Type | Categorical Variable | Meaning of Variables | Units of Variables |
---|---|---|---|
Location characteristics | Distance CBD | Distance to the nearest CBD | meter |
Distance metro | Distance to the nearest metro station | meter | |
Distance coastline | Distance to the nearest coastline | meter | |
Neighborhood characteristics | Near hospital | The distance to the nearest hospital (a tertiary-level hospital) | meter |
Near school | The distance to the nearest school | meter | |
Near shop | The distance to the nearest shopping mall | meter | |
Near park | The distance to the nearest park | meter | |
Structural characteristics | Building area | Building area | square meter |
Decoration | Degree of decoration (whether it is fully furnished or not) | 1 or 0 | |
Floor level | The floor level (low, middle, and high floor) | score | |
Total floors | Total number of floors of the building | layer | |
Years | Year of initial establishment | year | |
Green coverage rate | Green coverage rate | percentage | |
Plot ratio | Plot ratio | decimal fraction | |
Property management fee | Property management fee | Per square meter |
Moran’s I Index | 0.254544 |
Expected index | −0.000794 |
Variance | 0.000392 |
Z-score | 12.892849 |
p-value | 0.000000 |
Variable | Est. | SE | t | p-Value | VIF |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | −0.000 | −0.000 | 1.000 | ||
Distance metro | 0.246 | 0.043 | 5.718 | 0.000 | 4.024 |
Near hospital | −0.761 | 0.044 | −17.391 | 0.000 | 4.169 |
Near park | 0.135 | 0.030 | 4.559 | 0.000 | 1.902 |
Building area | 0.421 | 0.023 | 17.927 | 0.000 | 1.203 |
Total floors | −0.237 | 0.025 | −9.302 | 0.000 | 1.416 |
Property management fee | 0.207 | 0.026 | 7.971 | 0.000 | 1.463 |
Green coverage rate | 0.082 | 0.022 | 3.717 | 0.000 | 1.071 |
Model | OLS | GWR | MGWR |
---|---|---|---|
Residual sum of squares | 723.992 | 286.847 | 290.952 |
Log-likelihood | −1438.788 | −855.515 | −864.465 |
AIC | 2893.577 | 2151.474 | 2033.694 |
AICc | 2895.721 | 2245.273 | 2075.935 |
R2 | 0.425 | 0.772 | 0.769 |
Adj.R2 | 0.422 | 0.724 | 0.738 |
Variables | Mean | Standard Deviation | Minimum | Median | Maximum | Bandwidth | p-Value ≤ 0.05 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intercept | 0.150 | 0.225 | −0.243 | 0.179 | 0.613 | 268 | 11.59 |
Building area | 0.310 | 0.107 | 0.123 | 0.289 | 0.535 | 188 | 99.13 |
Total floors | −0.108 | 0.184 | −0.894 | −0.088 | 0.212 | 98 | 40.00 |
Green coverage rate | 0.083 | 0.065 | −0.110 | 0.101 | 0.248 | 258 | 61.59 |
Property management fee | 0.117 | 0.109 | −0.175 | 0.109 | 0.391 | 142 | 41.27 |
Distance metro | −0.262 | 0.342 | −0.930 | −0.324 | 0.312 | 373 | 16.11 |
Near hospital | −0.362 | 0.951 | −3.954 | −0.303 | 1.513 | 44 | 37.14 |
Near park | −0.013 | 0.182 | −0.391 | −0.019 | 0.473 | 349 | 9.44 |
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Wang, Y.; Liu, Z.; Wang, Y.; Dai, P. Research on Spatial Differentiation of Housing Prices Along the Rail Transit Lines in Qingdao City Based on Multi-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) Analysis. Sustainability 2025, 17, 4203. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094203
Wang Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Dai P. Research on Spatial Differentiation of Housing Prices Along the Rail Transit Lines in Qingdao City Based on Multi-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) Analysis. Sustainability. 2025; 17(9):4203. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094203
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Yanjun, Zixuan Liu, Yawen Wang, and Peng Dai. 2025. "Research on Spatial Differentiation of Housing Prices Along the Rail Transit Lines in Qingdao City Based on Multi-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) Analysis" Sustainability 17, no. 9: 4203. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094203
APA StyleWang, Y., Liu, Z., Wang, Y., & Dai, P. (2025). Research on Spatial Differentiation of Housing Prices Along the Rail Transit Lines in Qingdao City Based on Multi-Scale Geographically Weighted Regression (MGWR) Analysis. Sustainability, 17(9), 4203. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094203