Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Policy System That Supports the Sustainability of Digital Economy: Text Analysis Based on China’s Digital Economy Policies
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Theoretical Background and Analytical Framework
2.1. Theoretical Basis and Research Hypotheses
2.1.1. Theory of Policy Objectives and Agenda Setting
2.1.2. Theory of Policy Tools
2.1.3. Theory of an Institutional Collective Action Framework
2.1.4. Policy Implementation Theory
2.2. An Analysis Framework for Digital Economy Policies
2.2.1. X Dimension: Policy Objectives
2.2.2. Y Dimension: Policy Tools
2.2.3. Z Dimension: Organizational Management
2.2.4. Comparative Analysis of Central and Local Policies
3. Research Design
3.1. Selection of Digital Economy Policy Samples
3.2. Text Analysis and Dictionary Construction
3.2.1. Text Analysis Method
3.2.2. Logic of Dictionary Construction
- A.
- Primary Coding: Broad Category Classification
- B.
- Secondary Coding: Subcategory Classification
- C.
- Dictionary Entries: Keywords for Frequency Statistics
4. Finding and Discussion
4.1. Basic Situation and International Comparison of Digital Economy Policies
4.1.1. Basic Situation of Digital Economy Policies
4.1.2. International Comparison of Digital Economy Policies
4.2. Analysis of Digital Economy Policy Objectives
4.2.1. Education and Healthcare as Primary Goals: Divergence in Central and Local Priorities
4.2.2. Central Policy Goals Show Greater Variation, with a Focus on Digital Product Services
4.3. Analysis of Digital Economy Policy Tools
4.3.1. Supply Side Policy Tools: Variations in Stability, with a Unified Focus on Core Technologies
4.3.2. Demand-Side Policy Tools: Promoting Digital Economy Development Through Pilots and Platform Construction
4.3.3. Environmental Policy Tools: Common Focus on Information Security and More Diverse Tools in Local Policies
4.4. Analysis of the Organizational Dimensions of Digital Economy Policies
4.4.1. Decentralized Management Institutions: Urgent Need to Clarify Central–Local Data Institution Relationships
4.4.2. Numerous Involved Departments and Insufficient Cross-Departmental and Cross-Regional Coordination
4.4.3. The Continuity of Policies in Some Areas Is Not Strong, and There Are Differences Between Central and Local Policies
4.5. Empirical Analysis of the Evolution of Digital Economy Policies
4.5.1. Verification of Annual Differences in Digital Economy Policies
4.5.2. Analysis of Driving Factors for the Evolution of Digital Economy Policies
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Policy Name | Issuing Authority | Date |
---|---|---|
Opinions on Accelerating Digital Economy Development | CPC Guizhou Provincial Committee and Guizhou Provincial Government | April 2017 |
Zhejiang Province’s Five-Year Doubling Plan for the Digital Economy | General Office of Zhejiang Provincial Government | September 2018 |
Policies to Accelerate Digital Industrial Development via Industrial Internet | Lanzhou Industrial and Information Technology Commission | January 2019 |
Beijing Action Plan for Promoting Digital Economy Innovation and Development (2020–2022) | Beijing Municipal Bureau of Economy and Information Technology | September 2020 |
Guidelines for Foreign Investment Cooperation in the Digital Economy | Ministry of Commerce, Cyberspace Administration of China, and Ministry of Industry and Information Technology | July 2021 |
Measures to Accelerate the Development of Software and Emerging Digital Industries | Xiamen Municipal Government | March 2022 |
Dimension | Primary Coding | Secondary Coding | Example Keywords | Count |
---|---|---|---|---|
Policy Objectives | 1. Digital Industrialization | (1) Digital Product Manufacturing | Computer manufacturing and information security devices | 62 |
(2) Digital Product Services | Computer software and communication equipment retail | 17 | ||
(3) Digital Technology Applications | Software development and internet data services | 28 | ||
(4) Digital Resource-Driven Industries | Internet retail and security system monitoring | 29 | ||
2. Industrial Digitization | (5) Efficiency Enhancement Industries | Smart agriculture and e-government systems | 53 | |
Policy Tools | 3. Supply Oriented Tools | (6) Infrastructure | Cloud computing and intelligent facilities | 36 |
(7) Funding Support | Policy funding and research funding | 25 | ||
(8) Talent Resources | Talent training and recruitment systems | 60 | ||
(9) Information Resources | Data sharing and open data policies | 28 | ||
(10) Core Technologies | Blockchain, big data, and AI | 29 | ||
4. Demand-Oriented Tools | (11) Government Procurement | Service outsourcing and public procurement | 7 | |
(12) Regional Cooperation | Regional cooperation and tech partnerships | 31 | ||
(13) International Exchanges | Digital Silk Road and global partnerships | 25 | ||
(14) Pilot Demonstrations | Model enterprises and industry benchmarks | 11 | ||
(15) Platform Building | Digital innovation platforms | 43 | ||
5. Environment-Oriented Tools | (16) Financial Support | Venture funds and M&A investment | 51 | |
(17) Tax Incentives | R&D tax deductions and tax exemptions | 21 | ||
(18) Organizational Structures | Coordination groups and leadership roles | 21 | ||
(19) Information Security | Data security and privacy protections | 60 | ||
(20) Strategic Services | Public awareness campaigns and policy advocacy | 35 | ||
(21) Intellectual Property | Patent protection and copyright enforcement | 17 | ||
(22) Regulatory Frameworks | Funding oversight and system regulations | 48 |
Country/Region | Main Features | Focus on Key Areas and Policy Tools |
---|---|---|
America | Emphasize innovation strategy, take the lead in popularizing the concept of digital economy, and was the first to lay out digital economy planning | Building an innovative ecosystem; strengthen the collaborative cooperation between industry, academia and research; loose regulation; leading industry standards; supporting small and medium-sized enterprises; implement tax incentives; expand financing channels; strengthen intellectual property protection; promote international cooperation and trade |
Britain | Drive socio-economic development through digital innovation and clarify the construction of a digital powerhouse | Increase capital investment; emphasize brand culture; focus on areas such as mobile communication networks, the Internet of Things, enterprise service transformation, and data analysis |
Germany | The anti-monopoly regulation of the digital economy is at the forefront of the world | Economic anti-monopoly regulation; pay attention to consumer protection; effective regulation of data monopoly behavior |
Japan | The digital strategy is closely related to economic security policies | Emphasize the security of digital technology products; strengthen the construction of export control capacity; tightening talent policies; establish a multi-level technology alliance; strengthening international cooperation |
Singapore | Ranked 1st in global competitiveness in the field of digital economy regulation | strengthen talent, technology, regulation, and digital infrastructure construction; pay attention to externalizing domestic digital rules |
European Union | Leading in the ability to regulate and govern the digital economy and orderly construction of the digital single market | Pay attention to market norms and competition regulation; building a unified digital governance framework; emphasize digital security, transparency of platform rules, and privacy protection; focus on fields such as big data, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, e-commerce, etc. |
ASEAN | Emphasize long-term planning and clarify the establishment of the ASEAN Digital Economy Community by 2045 | Building a secure and robust digital governance framework that guarantees the rule of law; promote cross industry collaboration and multi-party sharing and co-construction; pursuing inclusive growth and digital equity |
Ranking | Central Digital Economy Policies | Local Digital Economy Policies |
---|---|---|
1 | Smart Education | Smart Education |
2 | Smart Healthcare | Smart Healthcare |
3 | Internet-based Real Estate | Digital Culture and Tourism |
4 | Digital Capital Market Services | Environmental Management |
5 | Intelligent Transportation | Municipal Facility Management |
6 | Digitalized Facility Cultivation | Smart Warehousing |
7 | Smart Logistics | Specialized Equipment Manufacturing |
8 | Smart Warehousing | Smart Logistics |
9 | Digitalized Leasing | Digitalized Water Conservancy |
10 | Smart Agriculture | Digital Forestry |
Sort | Shanghai | Beijing | Shenzhen | Chongqing | Guangzhou |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Big data center | Industrial internet | Industrial internet | Industrial internet | Industrial internet |
2 | Smart healthcare | Digital infrastructure | Big data center | Big data center | New infrastructure |
3 | Industrial internet | Network infrastructure | Information infrastructure | Information infrastructure | 5G base station |
4 | Smart education | Smart healthcare | Network infrastructure | Smart healthcare | Information infrastructure |
5 | New infrastructure | Smart education | Innovative infrastructure | 5G base station | Equipment manufacturing |
6 | Digital infrastructure | Digital culture and tourism | Communication network infrastructure | Innovative infrastructure | Integrated circuit design |
7 | Network infrastructure | Big data center | Digital infrastructure | Digital infrastructure | Smart healthcare |
8 | Information infrastructure | Information infrastructure | Smart healthcare | Smart education | Internet infrastructure |
9 | Transportation infrastructure | New infrastructure | Computing infrastructure | Integrated infrastructure | Smart education |
10 | Equipment manufacturing | Computing infrastructure | Equipment manufacturing | New infrastructure | Computing infrastructure |
Type | Annual Differences in Policy Targets | Annual Differences in Policy Instruments | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Digital Industrialization | Industrial Digitalization | Supply Oriented | Demand Oriented | Environment Oriented | ||||||
Central | Local | Central | Local | Central | Local | Central | Local | Central | Local | |
Z value | 0.92 | 2.49 *** | 1.90 ** | 2.75 *** | 11.98 *** | 18.99 *** | 11.50 *** | 24.11 *** | 16.84 *** | 32.36 *** |
Period (year) | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 | 23 |
Explanatory Variables | Policy Objectives | Policy Tools | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of Keywords Related to Digital Industrialization | Number of Keywords Related to Industrial Digitalization | Number of Keywords Related to Supply Oriented Tools | Number of Keywords Related to Demand-Oriented Tools | Number of Keywords Related to Environment-Oriented Tools | |
The proportion of the tertiary industry | 0.042 *** | 0.226 * | 0.008 ** | 0.007 | 0.003 ** |
Fiscal revenue | 0.005 | 0.019 ** | 0.004 *** | 0.002 ** | 0.013 |
Residents’ consumption level | 0.016 | 0.246 | 0.017** | 0.007 | 0.011 |
Number of domestic invention patent applications accepted | 0.031 *** | 0.015 | 0.026 * | 0.011 * | 0.018 * |
R&D funding | 0.006 ** | 0.001 * | 0.004 ** | 0.002 * | 0.002 ** |
Number of samples | 710 | 710 | 710 | 710 | 710 |
R squared | 0.173 | 0.314 | 0.449 | 0.453 | 0.269 |
Control variables | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Region fixed effects | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
Year fixed effects | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
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Cai, L.; Xiao, J.; Zuo, R. Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Policy System That Supports the Sustainability of Digital Economy: Text Analysis Based on China’s Digital Economy Policies. Sustainability 2025, 17, 3876. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093876
Cai L, Xiao J, Zuo R. Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Policy System That Supports the Sustainability of Digital Economy: Text Analysis Based on China’s Digital Economy Policies. Sustainability. 2025; 17(9):3876. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093876
Chicago/Turabian StyleCai, Li, Jianhua Xiao, and Renxian Zuo. 2025. "Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Policy System That Supports the Sustainability of Digital Economy: Text Analysis Based on China’s Digital Economy Policies" Sustainability 17, no. 9: 3876. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093876
APA StyleCai, L., Xiao, J., & Zuo, R. (2025). Research on the Evolution Characteristics of Policy System That Supports the Sustainability of Digital Economy: Text Analysis Based on China’s Digital Economy Policies. Sustainability, 17(9), 3876. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17093876