Navigating the Carbon Challenge: Strategic Integration of Hybrid Policies in Green Supply Chains
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Research on Carbon Emission Trading Scheme
- (1)
- Efficiency and implications of Carbon Emission Trading Scheme
- (2)
- Mechanism Design of Carbon Markets
2.2. Impact of Carbon Tax Policies
- (1)
- Carbon Tax Emission Reduction Capacity and Impact
- (2)
- Political, Legal, and Policy Coordination Issues of Carbon Tax
2.3. Hybrid Policies in Emission Reduction Strategies
- (1)
- Typical National Practices
- (2)
- Policy Implementation Effects
3. Problem Formulation and Assumptions
3.1. Basic Assumptions
- (1)
- In this paper, the carbon trading price “k” is treated as an exogenous variable, jointly determined by the carbon trading market and governmental decisions [49].
- (2)
- Research and development (R&D) investment for carbon emission reduction is considered a one-time investment, and the emission reduction investment has no impact on the production cost of the product. A higher emission reduction investment coefficient indicates greater difficulty in achieving emission reduction [50].
- (3)
- (4)
- The carbon emissions per unit product are assumed to be constant, and the total carbon emissions of the enterprise form a linear function of production volume [52].
- (5)
- Market product demand is assumed to be a linear function of price [53].
3.2. Model Assumptions
4. Model Construction and Solution
4.1. Carbon Tax Policy Model (Model A)
4.2. Carbon Emission Trading Scheme Model (Model B)
4.3. Hybrid Carbon Tax and Carbon Emission Trading Scheme (Model C)
5. Case Study Analysis
5.1. Impact of Initial Unit Carbon Emissions on Government Policy Selection
5.2. Comparative Analysis of Supply Chain Policies for Low-Pollution Enterprises
6. Conclusions and Discussion
6.1. Theoretical Contributions
6.2. Managerial Implications
7. Limitations and Future Research
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Non-Decision Variables | Meanings |
---|---|
D | Market demand |
Q | Potential market demand for green products |
β | Consumer price sensitivity coefficient |
Consumer sensitivity coefficient to the carbon emission reduction rate | |
r | Tax on unit carbon emissions |
k | Unit carbon trading price |
c | Unit production cost of a green product |
m | Emission reduction cost coefficient |
g | Initial free carbon quota for the green manufacturer |
e | Unit carbon emissions when the manufacturer does not take emission reduction measures |
Decision Variables | Meanings |
P | Retailer’s selling price, as determined by the retailer |
w | Manufacturer’s wholesale price, as determined by the manufacturer |
t | Manufacturer’s carbon emission reduction rate, as determined by the manufacturer |
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Tang, R.; Yu, D.; Tan, Y. Navigating the Carbon Challenge: Strategic Integration of Hybrid Policies in Green Supply Chains. Sustainability 2025, 17, 2390. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062390
Tang R, Yu D, Tan Y. Navigating the Carbon Challenge: Strategic Integration of Hybrid Policies in Green Supply Chains. Sustainability. 2025; 17(6):2390. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062390
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Rui, Dingyao Yu, and Yongbo Tan. 2025. "Navigating the Carbon Challenge: Strategic Integration of Hybrid Policies in Green Supply Chains" Sustainability 17, no. 6: 2390. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062390
APA StyleTang, R., Yu, D., & Tan, Y. (2025). Navigating the Carbon Challenge: Strategic Integration of Hybrid Policies in Green Supply Chains. Sustainability, 17(6), 2390. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062390