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Volume 17
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10.3390/su17167288
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Article

Integrating TRIZ Methodology in Human-Centered Design: Developing a Multifunctional, Sustainable Cup Holder

by
Kai-Chao Yao
1,2,
Chun-Chung Liao
1,3,
Kuo-Yi Li
4,5,
Wei-Lun Huang
1,6,
Wei-Sho Ho
1,7,8,*,
Jing-Ran Xu
1,9,*,
Shu-Chen Yang
10,
Hui-Ling Hsiao
10,
Yin-Chi Lin
10,
Ching-Yi Lai
10 and
Ying-Ju Tseng
1,11
1
Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No.2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
2
Kenda Cultural and Educational Foundation, No. 146, Sec. 1, Zhongshan Rd., Yuanlin City 510037, Taiwan
3
Shenghe Technology Co., Ltd., 3F., No. 20, Ln. 786, Sec. 4, Taiwan Blvd., Taichung City 407003, Taiwan
4
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No. 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Rd., Taiping Dist., Taichung City 411030, Taiwan
5
Society of Innovative Education and Technology, No. 164-1, Yanji St., Da’an Dist., Taipei City 106062, Taiwan
6
Medical Affairs Office, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Zhongshan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 100225, Taiwan
7
NCUE Alumni Association, National Changhua University of Education Jin-De Campus, No. 1, Jinde Rd., Changhua City 500207, Taiwan
8
Hundred Rivers Co., Ltd., 11 F., No. 361, Minquan Rd., Dangou Vil., North Dist., Taichung City 404025, Taiwan
9
Sheng Jen Industrial Co., Ltd., No. 49, Aly. 2, Ln. 226, Sec. 1, Zhongzheng Rd., Changhua City 500004, Taiwan
10
Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzi Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406053, Taiwan
11
Department of Child Care and Education, National Yuanlin Home-Economics and Commercial Vocational Senior High School, No. 56, Zhongzheng Rd., Yuanlin City 510005, Taiwan
 
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Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2025, 17(16), 7288; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167288
Submission received: 24 April 2025 / Revised: 13 June 2025 / Accepted: 31 July 2025 / Published: 12 August 2025
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study presents the development of an innovative multifunctional cup holder designed to enhance safety, usability, and sustainability. Addressing common issues such as accidental spills, heat retention, and structural stability, the proposed design incorporates adjustable fixation and heating functionalities. The research applies a systematic design approach, applying the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) methodology to resolve design contradictions and enhance product functionality. By integrating human factors considerations and universal design principles, the cup holder aims to improve user experience and accessibility. The design features a vacuum-based adjustable fixation system to prevent tipping, a controlled heating mechanism to maintain beverage temperature, and a shock-absorbing structure for enhanced durability. To evaluate whether the final design meets user expectations, a SERVQUAL questionnaire was used to collect user feedback, which was then analyzed using the Importance–Performance Analysis combined with the Kano model (IPA-Kano model). The results revealed an overall importance score of 4.347 and a satisfaction score of 3.943. Key strengths identified include reliable shock resistance, effective fixation, and ease of operation, while areas such as brand reputation and temperature control precision were found to require improvement due to their high importance but low performance. These insights confirm that the proposed design effectively enhances stability, thermal performance, and user convenience, while aligning with users’ expectations. By addressing critical functional and safety needs, this research advances the development of practical, user-centered innovations in everyday product design.
Keywords: cup holder; TRIZ; Human-Centered Design (HCD); universal design principles; IPA; Kano model cup holder; TRIZ; Human-Centered Design (HCD); universal design principles; IPA; Kano model

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yao, K.-C.; Liao, C.-C.; Li, K.-Y.; Huang, W.-L.; Ho, W.-S.; Xu, J.-R.; Yang, S.-C.; Hsiao, H.-L.; Lin, Y.-C.; Lai, C.-Y.; et al. Integrating TRIZ Methodology in Human-Centered Design: Developing a Multifunctional, Sustainable Cup Holder. Sustainability 2025, 17, 7288. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167288

AMA Style

Yao K-C, Liao C-C, Li K-Y, Huang W-L, Ho W-S, Xu J-R, Yang S-C, Hsiao H-L, Lin Y-C, Lai C-Y, et al. Integrating TRIZ Methodology in Human-Centered Design: Developing a Multifunctional, Sustainable Cup Holder. Sustainability. 2025; 17(16):7288. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167288

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yao, Kai-Chao, Chun-Chung Liao, Kuo-Yi Li, Wei-Lun Huang, Wei-Sho Ho, Jing-Ran Xu, Shu-Chen Yang, Hui-Ling Hsiao, Yin-Chi Lin, Ching-Yi Lai, and et al. 2025. "Integrating TRIZ Methodology in Human-Centered Design: Developing a Multifunctional, Sustainable Cup Holder" Sustainability 17, no. 16: 7288. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167288

APA Style

Yao, K.-C., Liao, C.-C., Li, K.-Y., Huang, W.-L., Ho, W.-S., Xu, J.-R., Yang, S.-C., Hsiao, H.-L., Lin, Y.-C., Lai, C.-Y., & Tseng, Y.-J. (2025). Integrating TRIZ Methodology in Human-Centered Design: Developing a Multifunctional, Sustainable Cup Holder. Sustainability, 17(16), 7288. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17167288

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