Taoist-Inspired Principles for Sustainability Transitions: Beyond Anthropocentric Fixes and Rethinking Our Relationship with Nature
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Review of the Literature for the Dialogue
2.1. The Possibility of the Multi-Ontological Views of Sustainability Transitions for the Dialogue
2.2. The Conceptual Distinction of Taoist Philosophical Perspective as the Prerequisites for Dialogue
3. Taoist-Inspired Principles
3.1. Principle One: Interconnectedness and Symbiosis
3.2. Principle Two: Equality, Balance, and Justice of All Things
3.3. Principle Three: Follow the Tzu-Jan and WuWei
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Philosophical Term | Taoist-Inspired Principles | The Mechanisms or Nature | Characteristics | Resources | Enlightenments for Sustainability Transitions | The Potential Complementarity to Sustainability Transitions | Corresponding Characteristics or Principles of Sustainability Transitions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Dà) Dào describe the universality of all of the metaphysical essence, regularity of microcosm and macroscopic symbiotic relationship, and the order and operating mechanism of the change of Yin-Yang ch’i, under which the world was created and co-evolved. | Interconnectedness and Symbiosis | Law of Unity of Opposites, where opposites are interdependent, coordinate, harmonious symbiosis, cyclically transforming with each other | (1). Symbiosis, interconnectedness and interdependence of all things (2). Transformation and cyclic movements in harmony. | Chapters 2, 16, 25, 28, 40, and 42 of the Tao Te Ching | (1). Recognize the interconnectedness and symbiosis of life, fostering holistic approaches and holistic thinking, recognizing the cascading effects of human actions on the entire Earth system (2). Stewardship and responsibility: respect the vibrant wildness and inherent power of Earth, acknowledge our role as stewards, not absolute rulers, fostering a sense of shared responsibility for the well-being of the planet and all its inhabitants | (1). Challenge the prevailing anthropocentric focus and paradigm, and highly socialized dualistic thinking, promoting a more holistic perspective. (2). Encourage dynamic equilibrium, advocate for evolving and long-term thinking to address unsustainability challenges (3). Enrich philosophical foundations. Enhance understanding of the ‘why’ behind transformative features and sustainability principles. | Complexity, non-linearity, continuous improvement, global responsibility, system thinking, multi-dimensionality and co-evolution, long-term processes, stability and change, precautionary principle |
Equality, Balance and Justice of all things | Basic interactive principle and the behavioural criteria of all creatures in the web of life on earth | (1). XuanTong (mysterious sameness) that emphasizes the equality and intrinsic value of nature (2). Balance in harmony that emphasizes the overall balance and lasting harmony (3). XuanTe (mysterious virtue) that emphasize justice and inclusiveness | Tao Te Ching Chapters 5 and 56, ‘The Identity of Contraries’ of Zhuangzi; Tao Te Ching Chapters 5, 7, 9, 28, 36 and 77; Chapters 10, 16, 22, 23, 51 and 65 | (1). Learning from nature: human beings and all human-built systems are subsystems of the Earth’s complex adaptive system, and are supposed to be in accordance with the equal, balanced and just operational principles of the Earth’s complex adaptive system. (2). Promote cooperation and diversity: Embrace diversity, acknowledge the intrinsic value and ecological limits of all living things, and encourage cooperation and mutual benefit. (3). Ensure equitable distribution of benefits. Distribute the benefits of sustainability transitions equitably across all society members and inhabitants of the planet. | (1). Transform the unsustainable views and perceptions of dominant value ideologies into those that are in line with the principle of “equality, balance and justice of all things” (2). Recognize the importance of restoring balance and harmony in interrelationships and interactions, and integrating fairness and inclusiveness into the philosophical underpinnings, principles and modalities of sustainability transitions (3). Strengthen the rationale for sustainability transitions, develop more inclusive and culturally sensitive strategies that foster multicultural acceptance and participation. | Multi-actor process, values, contestation, and disagreement, normative directionality, intergenerational equity, intergenerational equity, intra-generational equity, conservation of biodiversity, resource efficiency, diversity, public participation and co-creation, long-term orientation | |
Follow the Tzu-Jan and WuWei | Action guidance in the practice of human subjectivity to flow, cooperation and symbiosis in living systems | (1). Acknowledgement and Surrender, (2) Soft symbiotic regulating power—a gentle approach of Rou (gentleness) and Ruo (softness); (3) Jian (Frugality) and Pu (simplicity) | Tao Te Ching Chapters 2, 3, 8, 9, 11, 15, 22, 28 and 37; Chapters 8, 9, 36, 43, 52, 55, 76 and 78; Chapters 19, 28, 29, 32, 37, 45, 57 and 67 | (1). Foster a sense of awe and humility, maintain reverence and humility towards nature, reflecting on and dissolving inherent and externalized violence and antagonism against the natural course. (2). Advocate for the soft symbiotic regulating power mechanisms, learning and emulating the flexible and resilient mechanisms inspired by nature (e.g., flexibility and resilience in nature’s dynamic and cooperative systems); (3). Maintain simplicity, frugality and moderation (e.g., promote practices that minimize resource depletion and negative impacts on ecosystems, encouraging responsible consumption, and shift focus from short-term gain to long-term well-being). | (1). Embrace nature’s potential, learn from and apply nature’s symbiotic regulating mechanisms in a changing world through human initiative, use them in sustainability transitions to ensure the Earth’s long-term health. (2). Counterbalance growth obsession, provide a beneficial counterpoint to the technology-driven, growth-obsessed mindset, addressing the consumerist mentality behind unsustainable issues. (3). Emphasize human agency, foster frugality, simplicity, creativity, and innovation inspired by nature’s efficient processes, finding solutions in harmony with ecosystems. | Stability and change, long-term processes, openness and uncertainty, resilience, flexibility, adaptability, sustainable consumption and production, resource efficiency |
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Liang, N.; Segalas, J. Taoist-Inspired Principles for Sustainability Transitions: Beyond Anthropocentric Fixes and Rethinking Our Relationship with Nature. Sustainability 2024, 16, 6165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146165
Liang N, Segalas J. Taoist-Inspired Principles for Sustainability Transitions: Beyond Anthropocentric Fixes and Rethinking Our Relationship with Nature. Sustainability. 2024; 16(14):6165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146165
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang, Na, and Jordi Segalas. 2024. "Taoist-Inspired Principles for Sustainability Transitions: Beyond Anthropocentric Fixes and Rethinking Our Relationship with Nature" Sustainability 16, no. 14: 6165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146165
APA StyleLiang, N., & Segalas, J. (2024). Taoist-Inspired Principles for Sustainability Transitions: Beyond Anthropocentric Fixes and Rethinking Our Relationship with Nature. Sustainability, 16(14), 6165. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16146165