Economic Analysis of Gas Turbine Using to Increase Efficiency of the Organic Rankine Cycle
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. System Configuration and Modeling
2.1. Energy Analysis
- The specific enthalpy (h1) and specific entropy (s1) were calculated using the evaporation pressure of dry saturated steam (with a quality of x = 1).
- Considering the isentropic expansion of the vaporized working fluid in the turbine, the specific enthalpy (h2s) was determined based on the specific entropy (s1) and the condensing pressure.
- The specific enthalpy (h3) was determined using the condensation pressure for dry saturated steam (with a quality of x = 1).
- The specific enthalpy (h4) was determined based on the condensing pressure for the liquid state, specifically on the saturation line (with a quality of x = 0).
- Considering the isentropic compression of the working fluid in the pump (s4 = s5) based on specific entropy s4 and evaporation pressure, specific enthalpy h5s was determined.
- The specific enthalpy (h6) was determined based on the evaporation pressure for the liquid state, specifically on the boundary line.
- ORC efficiency:
- Power of the ORC cycle:
- Electrical power of the designed ORC power plant:
2.2. Economic Analysis
- ORC pump [59]:
- ORC preheater [60]:
- ORC evaporator [61]:
- ORC turbine [60]:
- ORC Condenser [62]:
- IO—investment expenditure, USD;
- CF—yearly cash flow, USD/year;
- GT—gas turbine;
- F—working fluid;
- Conf—configuration.
- TSP2 = (240, 245, 250) °C;
- Tgeo_in = (80–130) °C;
- TC = (60, 65, 70) °C.
- Inc—operational income, USD;
- OCost—operational cost, USD.
- pel—electricity price, USD/MWh;
- nhour—operational number of hours in year: 7446 h;
- png—natural gas price, USD/kg;
- varOM—variable operation and maintenance cost, USD;
- fixOM—fixed operation and maintenance cost, USD.
- pTG—gas turbine price, USD/kW;
- pHE—heat exchanger price, USD.
3. Results
4. Conclusions
Funding
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
Symbols | |
heat flux [kW] | |
equipment power [kW] | |
log mean temperature difference [K] | |
A | heat transfer area [m2] |
CF | yearly cash flow [USD/yr] |
fixOM | fixed operation and maintenance costs [USD] |
Inc | operational income [USD] |
IO | investment expenditure [USD] |
MC | depth of the geothermal well [m] |
N | system power [kW] |
Nhour | operational number of hours in year [h] |
OCost | operational cost [USD] |
pel | electricity price [USD/MWh] |
pHE | heat exchanger price [USD] |
png | natural gas price [USD/kg] |
pTG | gas turbine price [USD/kW] |
T | temperature [K] |
U | overall heat transfer coefficient [kW/m2·K] |
varOM | variable operation and maintenance costs [USD] |
Z | equipment investment cost [USD] |
η | efficiency [- or %] |
Subscripts | |
1,…,6,A,B,C | thermodynamic state points |
C | condenser |
Conf | configuration |
E | evaporator |
el | electrical |
F | working fluid |
g | generator |
GEO | geothermal |
HX | heat exchanger |
i | internal |
IN | at inlet |
m | mechanical |
OUT | at outlet |
P | pump |
PH | preheater |
SP | exhaust gases from gas turbine |
T | turbine |
Abbreviation | |
GT | gas turbine |
GT-ORC | gas turbine–ORC combined system |
GW | geothermal well |
GWC | geothermal well cost |
HC | hydrocarbon |
HCFO | hydrochlorofluoroolefin |
HFC | hydrofluorocarbon |
HFO | hydrofluoroolefins |
MM | hexamethyldisiloxane |
ORC | organic Rankine cycle |
SPBT | simple payback time |
VER | vapor expansion ratio |
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Type of the Gas Turbine (GT) | Gas Turbine SGT-50 | Gas Turbine SGT-100 | Gas Turbine SGT-300 | Gas Turbine SGT-400 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fuel | Natural gas, liquid fuel, dual fuel | |||
Gross efficiency | 26% | 30.2% | 30.6% | 34.8% |
Heat rate | 15,148 kJ/kWh | 11,914 kJ/kWh | 11,773 kJ/kWh | 10,355 kJ/kWh |
Turbine speed | 25,500 rpm | 17,384 rpm | 14,010 rpm | 9500 rpm |
Pressure ration | 7.0:1 | 14.0:1 | 13.7:1 | 16.8:1 |
Exhaust mass flow | 9.5 kg/s | 19.5 kg/s | 30.2 kg/s | 39.4 kg/s |
Exhaust temperature | 600 °C | 545 °C | 542 °C | 555 °C |
Power | 2 MWe | 5.1 MWe | 7.9 MWe | 12.9 MWe |
Type of the Gas Turbine (GT) | Gas Turbine SGT-800 | Gas Turbine SGT-A05 KB5S | Gas Turbine SGT-A05 KB7S | Gas Turbine SGT-A05 KB7HE |
Fuel | Natural gas, liquid fuel, dual fuel | |||
Gross efficiency | 41.1% | 29.7% | 32.3% | 33.2% |
Heat rate | 8759 kJ/kWh | 12,137 kJ/kWh | 11,152 kJ/kWh | 10,848 kJ/kWh |
Turbine speed | 6600 rpm | 14,200 rpm | 14,600 rpm | 14,600 rpm |
Pressure ration | 21.1:1 | 10.3:1 | 13.9:1 | 14.1:1 |
Exhaust mass flow | 135.5 kg/s | 15.4 kg/s | 21.3 kg/s | 21.4 kg/s |
Exhaust temperature | 596 °C | 560 °C | 494 °C | 522 °C |
Power | 62.5 MWe | 4.0 MWe | 5.4 MWe | 5.8 MWe |
Working Fluid (F) | Chemical Class | Tbp (K) | TCR (K) | PCR (MPa) | ASHRAE Safety Group | ASHRAE Flammability | ASHRAE Toxicity | ODP | GWP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R600a | HC | 272.66 | 424.13 | 3.796 | A3 | Yes (highly flammable) | No | 0 | 3 |
R134a | HFC | 247,08 | 374.21 | 4.0593 | A1 | Non-flammable | No | 0 | 1430 |
R152a | HFC | 249.13 | 386.41 | 4.5168 | A2 | Yes (medium flammable) | No | 0 | 124 |
R227ea | HFC | 256.81 | 374.9 | 2.925 | A1 | Non-flammable | No | 0 | 3230 |
R245fa | HFC | 288.29 | 427.16 | 3.651 | A1 | Non-flammable | No | 0 | 1030 |
R1224yd(Z) | HCFO | 287.77 | 428.69 | 3.337 | - | Flammable | Relatively non-toxic | 0 | 0.88 |
R1233zd(E) | HCFO | 291.41 | 439.6 | 3.6237 | A3 | Yes (highly flammable) | Acceptable toxicity | 0 | 7 |
R1234yf | HFO | 243.7 | 367.85 | 3.3822 | A2L | Yes (low flammable) | No | 0 | 4 |
R1243zf | HFO | 247.73 | 376.93 | 3.5179 | - | Yes (highly flammable) | Toxic | 0 | 149 |
R1336mzz(Z) | HFO | 306.6 | 444.5 | 2.903 | A3 | Yes (highly flammable) | No | 0 | 9 |
Equipment | Heating Fluid Type | Heating Fluid Phase | Heated Fluid Type | Heated Fluid Phase | U [kW/m2·K] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heat exchanger | Exhaust gas | Gas | Geothermal brine | Liquid | 0.2 |
Evaporator | Geothermal brine | Liquid | Organic fluid | Liquid/vapor | 0.9 |
Preheater | Geothermal brine | Liquid | Organic fluid | Liquid | 0.9 |
Condenser | Organic fluid | Vapor/liquid | Water | Liquid | 1.0 |
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Matuszewska, D. Economic Analysis of Gas Turbine Using to Increase Efficiency of the Organic Rankine Cycle. Sustainability 2024, 16, 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010075
Matuszewska D. Economic Analysis of Gas Turbine Using to Increase Efficiency of the Organic Rankine Cycle. Sustainability. 2024; 16(1):75. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010075
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatuszewska, Dominika. 2024. "Economic Analysis of Gas Turbine Using to Increase Efficiency of the Organic Rankine Cycle" Sustainability 16, no. 1: 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010075
APA StyleMatuszewska, D. (2024). Economic Analysis of Gas Turbine Using to Increase Efficiency of the Organic Rankine Cycle. Sustainability, 16(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010075